Examples Of Meta-Analysis In Criminal Justice

researchers had conducted and gaining a statistical analysis of the researches, a meta-analysis is often one of the best tools to ensure a positive impact on recidivism “meta-analysis is the principal source of information for "effective principles” (Gendreau, 1996, p. 120). Often times these intervention programs are intensive and behavioral based, which are vital to the program. Behavioral Programs, should target the criminogenic needs of the offender, which has better results when it is paired with the offender’s risk level.

The investigation of crime, society’s reaction to it and approaches to prevent it are all areas that have interested me from my adolescent years. I have an interest and passion for Criminology studies for the strict purpose of wanting to fulfill a deeper understanding of the causes and consequences of crime and exploring how crimes affect our society. This shady interest in the criminal world has encouraged me to pursue the subject at degree level and to seriously consider a career in a related field. At the beginning of the course my understanding on crime and criminology was mostly derived from the internet or media. These tools became very useful for me to learn different subjects of crime.

To the casual observer, it would be easy to confuse the two. As I read in the first chapter of our book, the two disciplines often affect each other, as criminology, based on scientific research, historically played a reforming role in relation to laws and the criminal justice system. “This term (Criminal Justice Specialists) suggests a separation between criminology and criminal justice. In fact, the two fields are closely interwoven. Scholars of both disciplines use the same scientific research methods, the same rigorous education, and pursue the same goals.”

According to Hillyard and Tombs (2007) the current state of criminology is not ‘self-reflective regarding the dominant, state-defined notion of “crime”’ and is not making the considering the relationship crime has to social concept. They argue ‘that a social harm approach can, by contrast, form a basis for a more accurate picture of the range of harms and causes of human suffering that can affect people during their lifecycle’.

To begin with, statistics can be defined as the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample. Criminal justice on the other hand is defined as the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. The use of statistics has been around for decades in a number of scholarly disciplines. More specifically, it has been an important vehicle in obtaining better knowledge in the field of criminal justice. This paper will discuss the role of statistics in criminal justice.

Criminology is the definition of our crime today, it defines many aspects and elements that challenge our common sense understanding of crime. The term ‘Criminology’ was first introduced into the English language in Garland 1988 by a criminologist Havelock Ellis (jones, 2013, pp. 2-3). However criminology was present in the 1860’s as Henry Maudsley a medic that worked in the prison systems to study insane and feeble - minded criminals (jones, 2013, pp. 2.) Criminology gives an understanding to those that seek justice although some victims may prevent crime or encourage it to gain the same significance. The reasoning of crime has changed considerably over the past 40 years, some say it was the change of the criminal justice system abolishing Capital punishment in 1965, or just the development in different legislations. Making punishment more psychological rather than physical punishment may have increased the velocity of the crime rate today as some may argue it is less harsh. Criminology is one to justify these changes to prevent criminal offences. Criminology is enforced to understand and analyse the extent of offences and how legislation is formed and put into practice. Development in crime in our

Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology Today: An Integrative Introduction (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database

Without any prior research of this type the researchers can only guess as to what the findings will be. It is to be expected that there will be some issues within the justice system that will need to be examined after data is collected. In order to meet the needs of our country’s citizens we need to make sure that we are providing a court system above reproach.

Meta-analysis is the study of other studies. The studies test the effectiveness of various programs of correctional treatment. Advocates of rehabilitation believe that meta-analysis can be used to supply deposits of prior research (Dove, 2012).

The meta-analysis was used to try and figure out if criminal profiling by professionals in the study, rather than self-proclaimed criminal profilers, had any outcome difference. A test was done based on four scenarios in which both the crime and the criminal were known by the experimenter. The first meta-analysis was self-labeled profilers and a control group. The second meta-analysis was experienced criminal profilers and a control group. The accuracy was measured on how well the criminal profile which was created actually matched that of the actual criminal. The rate of accuracy for the profilers was 62%, while the accuracy for non-profilers was 38%.(Snook pg.11) These percentages make it seem clear that experts are better than self-proclaimed profilers, but we must also look at the control variables. The number of experts as opposed to non-experts was 74 to 19. This leaves people wondering whether the percentages would have been different if there were more non-experts. Also,

In this text, I carry out an analysis of two articles. In so doing, I will compare and contrast both the methods utilized in each article as well as the findings of each. The two articles in this case are Understanding Comparison in Criminal Justice Research: An Interpretive Perspective by Max Travers and Criminal Justice Research and Practice: Diverse Voices from the Field by Michelle Newton-Francis.

The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is a research, development and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. They dedicated to improving the understanding of criminal justice issues through science. NIJ provides objective an​d independent knowledge and tools to inform the people making the decisions of the criminal justice community to reduce crime and advance justice, particularly at the state and local levels. This is a very credible source considering it is a government resource ao the information on the page must be throughly reviewed and approved.Gerry LaPorte is the Director of NIJ’s Office of Investigative and Forensic Sciences and also the author of this article. This article has slight

1). Criminology arose from the social scientific community over the year and has since come into its own discipline, it examines the entire process of lawmaking, law breaking, and law enforcing” (as cited in Akers, & Sellers, 2013). Criminology seeks to discover the depth of crime at both the micro and macro levels, from the individual’s natural biological and psychological characteristics, the nurturing of social and structural institutions, to policy, prevention and control.

The purpose of this essay is to discuss the meaning and validity of the label criminology has as a ‘rendezvous discipline’. To do this, this essay illuminates where criminology originates from and what its primary focus is. The Chicago School, Lombrosian Theory, Positivist and Classical criminology, are discussed. Other disciplines namely Sociology, Psychology, and the Criminal Justice Sector are examined and applied to the broad subject of criminology, to show the network of how this subject came to be recognised as such a discipline. Exposed are main issues that occur for the likes of criminologists and other

When thinking about Criminal Justice it’s obvious that research is involved in solving crime. But it goes much further than that. Research is actually conducted in Criminal Justice itself. Research is done in Criminal Justice for a number of reasons. Research can be conducted in Criminal Justice for three main reasons; social problems, policy and academics. Then a number of other additional reasons are exploration, description, explanation, application, predictive and finally intervening. Within why research is conducted is another important aspect of Criminal Justice is Methodology; which is how the research is being conducted. Each of these topics will further be explained in depth.