In this chapter, the researchers intend to move closer in understanding objectification of women using the Objectification Theory and Erotic Capital Theory. Through these theories and the methods to be used, the researchers aim to describe how women are presented in the videos of R-Breezy, analyze how women are portrayed in the R-Breezy’s Facebook page in the contexts of objectification and sexualization, determine why the women featured in the videos of R-Breezy allow such objectification and sexualization, and analyze the implications of women’s objectification on the perpetuation of women as sex objects.
THEORETICAL Objectification Theory
The Objectification Theory proposed by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) suggests that women are treated as objects for other people’s satisfaction. The theory affirms that sexual
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Several sources of sexual objectification exist in the society, like the different forms of media we see all around—how women are often portrayed as sexual objects (e.g television shows, magazines, advertisements, etc.) (Szymanski, 2011).
In terms of women’s interpersonal experiences, studies have stated that sexual objectification of women is a usual happening for a great number of women, specifically in the United States of America (Szymanski, 2011). Another example of sexual objectification is the actual sexual victimization (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Studies have indicated that 1 of 4 women are or were victims of attempted rape or rape itself (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000; Whiter, Donal, & Bondurant, 2001).
Originally, objectification theory discusses the possible mental risks or consequences that are to take effect once sexual objectification occurs. The original framework of the theory shows that sexual objectification can affect or contribute to the mental health of women negatively and the self-surveillance or self-objectification of
The sexualization of young girls and women in society is a prevalent theme in mass media. Presently, the sexualization of females is commonly seen in various consumer items like clothes, dolls, and even in Disney movies, according to “The Sexualization of Girls Is Harmful” article. The author says that sexualization occurs when “a person’s value comes only from his or her sexual appeal or behavior; a person is held to a standard that equates physical attractiveness with being sexy; a person is sexually objectified- made into a thing for others’ sexual use; and sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a person (AboutKidsHealth).” Furthermore, the author provides statistics on how girls are being sexualized by the products they see and use
The documentaries Dream World 3 and Killing Us Softly 4 examine the exploitation of women within the media. The media, such as advertisement and the music video industry, relies heavily on the seductive image of female sexuality. Evident in not only every genre of music, but also every form of advertisement, the videos and advertisements expose and, subsequently sexualize the female body. Such sexualization inevitable leads to
Professor Gail Dine’s teaches women studies and female images of sexuality in pop culture at Wheelock College in Boston, MA. In addition to her work, she is a founding member of Stop Porn Culture (SPC). The goal of the group is to raise awareness of the hyper sexualization of women in Society. This is a selection from her book, Pornland (2010). “Visible or Invisible: Growing Up Female in Porn Culture” illustrates how mainstream pornographic images have become so prevalent in Western Culture Society. It also shows us examples of what is perceived to be the female beauty standard via Hollywood and pop music stars. There is the real danger that children and adolescents will perceive “the pop culture gone porn culture” (dines pg) to be normal and conform to these set standards. Dines goes on about where these images are present and how widely they are in the media. She implies the need to stop these accelerated images of female porn industry and Consumerism culture conformity. In addition, how if we do not bring these matters to attention soon, before the western culture society will lead generations to achieve a beauty standard that is not real or genuinely.
Despite the fact that many men continue to deny that women are objectified, being viewed as an object created solely as a means of pleasure for men is a reality for anyone who was born biologically female. Proving that women are considered less valuable than men is the statistic that women make only 70% of what men in a similar career earns (Ravelli & Webber 214). The sexaul double standard contributes to this idea as well which means that women who engage in sexual activities are “promiscuous” (Ravelli & Webber 237) or “whores” (Ravelli & Webber 237) while men who behave similarly are “Studs” (Ravelli & Webber 237) and women who do not engage in sexual activities are “virgins” (Ravelli & Webber 237) or “Madonna’s” (Ravelli & Webber 237). There are only two portrayals of women and both of these refer to her sexual activities. There are also outrageous definitions of beauty portrayed in the media to
Magazines, Internet, radio, music videos, music lyrics, and other types of mainstream media relentlessly portray sexualized images of women that not only promote narrow and unrealistic ‘standards’ of physical beauty, but seem to endorse, glorify and encourage them. We are almost back to the 1950’s, where women were seen merely as a sex object. Horrifyingly the media is now broadening their attacks and promotions of sex to teenagers and young girls. A report created by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), attest that there are many short term and long term physical, emotional and psychological effects of the premature sexualisation of teenagers and young girls.
If you turn on the television or flip through a fashion magazine, it is very likely you will presented with many displays of hypersexualization of girls and women in advertising images and in media. There are many components to sexualization. It occurs, according to the American Psychological Association, when “a person’s value comes only from his or her sexual appeal or behavior, to the exclusion of other characteristics.” This person is held to a standard that equates physical attractiveness with being sexy. “Sexualization” happens when a person is sexually objectified- that is, made into a thing for others’ sexual use, rather than being seen as a person with their own independent actions and abilities to make decisions. Oftentimes, sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon a person without their knowing it or consent. Sometimes, researchers use the word “hypersexualization” to describe roughly the same idea. In the article, “Media’s Growing Sexualization of Women”, hypersexualization is defined as, “The act of making something extremely sexual and erotic.”
This study works to examine the use of sexual objectification of women in music videos today. The primary purpose was to examine the differences between genres, specifically hip-hop and country. I tested the following; Women are more likely to be sexualized in hip-hop music videos than in country music videos.
Objectification is when a person is treated and thought of as an object instead of a human being. The process of objectification can be seen in the first half of the video when she is wearing Western style clothing, and numerous of men tires talking to and catcalling her. Some of the men call her beautiful and sexy which might seem like a compliment to some, but to others it might not see it the same way. But the truth is that these men does not think about how she might feel by being called out in the middle of the street. They treat her like an object instead of a person. Similarly, in Katz “Guilty Pleasure”, he describes that through porn one can become desensitized towards women and objectified them. Which can be one possible explanation as to why these men objectify her.
Sexualization has occurred in the past, is occurring today, and will, more than likely, continue to occur in the future. The society we live in today characterizes women as sexual objects. It’s everywhere you look. For example, look at the media. Reality TV, romance movies, fashion magazines, and advertising all portray women to look a certain way; slim, young, and attractive. These images of women are etched into our brains, and it’s normal to look at these media and think that those women are what society calls “beautiful.” A contributor to
Sometimes it also all over the internet, T.V shows, music lyrics,etc. Renee, a new teen blogger talks about how media has degraded women, and how much it has changed from old hits. Renee states “The media, both print and electronic, plays a significant role in the negative portrayal of women, through the exploitation of women’s sexuality in music videos, magazines and movies, solely to promote and sell products in order to make money by the expense of these women, who are consequently transformed by the media into sex objects, which also influences how these women are portrayed and how they depict themselves”. Not only does America promote businesses and men to see women as simple sex objects, but also to make women feel that they ARE only sex objects, and that is all they can
Today’s society is a sexual playing field. Celebrities on television and movies, models on the covers of magazines, and even politicians have become sexual legends in the map of American society. The issue of sex is publicly discussed, on media and otherwise, and as such, it has become, to a great degree, a measure of self-worth. Issues such as breast size, penis size, and sexual stamina have flooded the American public with the idea that one is defined by how sexually appealing s/he is.
MacKinnon defines it best when she writes, “To be sexually objectified means having a social meaning imposed on your being that defines you as to be sexually used, according to your desired uses, and then using you that way” (329). The preceding quote means that one person mandates the behavior of another individual for personal satisfaction with disregard for the other person’s feelings (Nussbaum 266). Objectification is forced onto women by establishing gender as inherent to sexuality (MacKinnon 318). The fusion of gender and sexuality occurs when dominance eroticized defines the essence of masculinity and submission eroticized defines the essence of femininity (MacKinnon, 318). According to this model, the sexualization of power renders women as objects meant for the gratification of men (Garry
Media influence has caused beauty to evolve into ideals that can’t actually be attained. In addition to this, women are objectified and seen as sex objects, being sexualized by men without consequence due to the normalcy the media has created for genders. In fact, men are even encouraged to sexualize women. During her TEDTalk, Kilbourne presented a photo of an adolescent boy wearing a shirt that stated “pimp squad,” showing how our society is comfortable with men sexualizing women from a very young age. In contrast, women are labeled as sluts or whores without even engaging in sexual activity. I, for example, have been called a slut for wearing leggings, merely talking to a guy, and even wearing shorts— in the summer.
On all platforms of media, women and even young girls are oversexualized; thus leading to men viewing women as no more than breasts, vaginas, legs, or any other body part they prefer. Even in current television shows, movies, comic books, and advertisements, women are still depicted as sexual objects, which can damage a woman’s confidence. The oversexualization of women 's bodies can degrade a young woman’s confidence, and when girls try to boost confidence by dressing or acting like the women they see in the media, they are reprimanded for it. Girls cannot be blamed for their sexualization; they are just emulating what they see in the media.
Everywhere you turn, there are magazine covers, movies, reality TV shows that portray woman in a sexual light. When was the last time that we as a society sat down and realized the effect that this is having on young girls, teens and even grown women. The portrayal of women as sexual objects in these and many other types of media have greatly affected the mindset of society. What affects has this had you ask? There are there main effects that we will explore. First, is the effect it has on their self-image. Second, is the effect on how they portray themselves in their relationships. Third is the effect it has on their mental state.