ABSTRACT This research examines BREXIT EVENT. Causes behind are investigated, possible impacts on EU, UK and rest of the world are analyzed. Policy implications, strategies, and the rule of negotiation are highlighted in order to weight-up Brexit costs and benefits and draw appropriate policy implications to drive Brexit to its positive direction. Based on empirical and theoretical review as well as data analysis, many arguments were behind the vote for Brexit (sovereignty, political and economic issues) Future after Brexit still unclear, but many impacts on EU, UK and the rest of the world economically and politically could be predicted. Vote to leave put a heavy burden on EU, UK shoulders and make them face many challenges and hard tasks. The UK governmental adopted model, negotiation, well-policy implication and flexible regulations are the keys to minimize and reduce the costs if any and maximize the benefits. Introduction In 1950, six nations signed a deal to ensure peace among the European countries this followed by European economic communities based on integration theories, that evolved to become the present EU which has 28 members and more than 500 million population its considered as the second largest economy in the world (according to the international monetary fund, 2016). In 1973, UK has joined the EU which has got its importance and power from being the
The issue of whether or not the United Kingdom should remain a member of the European Union has been debated heavily over the past decade, with the debate heating up even more from the current European Sovereign Debt Crisis. Recent polls of the UK population showed that around half of the UK’s citizens would vote to pull out of the EU if it went to referendum. However, after all of the economic, political, and social advantages of being a member of the EU are considered, it remains clear that leaving the EU is not in the UK’s best interest. Economically, it does not make sense for the UK
The European Union (EU) is the organization which integrates the countries listed below, both politically and economically. It is a customs union, which is an agreement amongst a group of countries to eliminate trade barriers between them on the movement of goods, services, labor and capital, and also to establish a common external tariff on goods and services coming into the union. The EU evolved from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which was formed in 1951 as a response to the First and Second World Wars to try to ensure future peace in Europe. This became the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1965, which in turn became the European
The decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union has served in reshaping the way politics works in Europe. On June 3rd, 2016 a massive 30 million people came out to vote on the future of their countries. In the end, the vote to leave won 51.9% to 48.1%. Places like England and Wales both voted in favor of the exit, while Scotland and Northern Ireland voted overwhelmingly to stay in. While the long term effects of this decision obviously need time to be observed, the immediate economic impact has been somewhat mixed. The day after the vote was a cause for concern in that “the pound slumped after the referendum - and remains around 10% lower against the dollar and 15% down against the euro” (Wheeler 17). In contrast to this,
This report will look at the benefits and issues surrounding the UKs decision to remain as a member state of the E.U. It will consider the pros and cons of membership, and the various viewpoints of those who remain in the E.U. and those who wish to exit from it. The report will conclude with a comprehensive discussion of results and findings.
The UK’s role within the EU has been large and influential within the forty years it has been a member state.
The public was bombarded with warnings about how they would be poorer if they voted to leave the EU but, in the end they weren’t convinced by what they were told and/or believed it was a risk worth taking . For the Confederation of British Industry, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, there was an alphabet soup of experts lined up to say economic growth would be hobbled, unemployment would go up, the pound would plummet and British business would be left in a no man’s land outside the EU . Overall, since UK left the EU they will be able to profit more and help their people to get out of unemployment and rebuild their country.
The establishment of the EU was in the works starting from 1945, the end of the Second World War. The United Kingdom started the process of joining the EU in 1969, finally joining the community on January 1st 1973 along with Denmark and Ireland. The official establishment of the European Union as we know it today was on November 1st, 1993 in Maastricht, Netherlands. When England joined the EU, the European Parliament increased its influence in affairs so that all citizens could elect the members of parliament directly. Currently there are 28 members of the European Union, but with the recent developments of brexit, it seems as though the UK might make it so there are only 27 members of the EU. Not only was the European Union established to get rid of war, but with it’s establishment also came a new currency that many members of the EU began to use. From its establishment also came the Banking Union, which ensures safer and more reliable banking to prevent economic crisis like the one that occurred in 2010. As hoped for, the EU also hugely improved international trade and made the EU the top trading partner for 80 countries and the world’s largest manufacturers for goods and services. Free international trade is also the basis for the establishment
It will summarise the impact of the EU integration on business, discussing possible proposal of recommendations for problems, and finally discussing the important economics models with examples.
The future of the United Kingdom has never been so uncertain. The British Prime Minister, David Cameron, is keeping the promise he made in 2015, to hold a referendum on whether or not the United Kingdom should remain a member of the European Union. The referendum will take hold on Thursday, 23rd of June of this year. But the results of the last opinion poll held on April 12th to 14th, show, that the British public is fairly evenly split, as 40% want to remain in the European Union and 39% want to leave. The members of the United Kingdom Independence party and other British keen to leave the Union, argue that the UK and its policy makers are being held back and manipulated by the EU, who make too many rules for business, immigration laws and charges billions of pounds a year in membership fees for little in return and undermining the British interests. However, the UK’s investment in the membership and acceptance of rules of the EU, gives the UK far more benefits by allowing it to grow academically, economically and ensures safety for all its citizens and is therefore better off staying a member of this peacemaking Union.
Britain’s vote to exit from the European Union, termed as “Brexit”, took the world by surprise as polls during the campaigns have shown that 80% of voters will vote to remain in the EU (Erlanger 2016). The Brexit was led by Justice Minister Michael Gove and former Mayor of London Borris Johnson. The main issues were in regards to the nation’s sovereignty and immigration. Proponents believed that the EU had changed its bureaucracy in the past few decades which diminished British sovereignty and influence. Brexit was also favorable to other nation’s parties who were anti Europe , for instance, the French National Front leader, Marine Le Pen (Erlanger, 2016). Opponents of Brexit argued to stay within the EU as it would allow countries of similar minds to have a stronger influence in the world and warned that it would be economically devastating if voters decided
Over the last few years, the probability that Britain may leave the EU has grown. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron announced a referendum concerning British membership in the EU to be held on June 23. Essentially not all the changes, which may occur, can be reduced to the question of money, since the problem has a strong political context. Still, this essay is mainly focused on economic aspects of the possible exit. Many experts regard the EU membership as generally beneficial for the UK; still there are some significant drawbacks. At the same time, there are factors that limit any possible prediction of the economic consequences of the British exit from the European Union. Nonetheless, in this work main areas affected by
At the end of June, Great Britain made the decision to leave the European Union. A referendum was held where more than 70 percent of the UK voted(more than 30 million people). It resulted in a 52 to 48 percent win for those in favor of leaving. When dividing the United Kingdom into its sovereign states the division can be seen clearly: England and Wales voted strongly for Brexit, while Northern Ireland and Scotland backed up staying in the EU. Following the decision to leave the European Union, Prime Minister David Cameron resigned his position and British politics went went into chaos. Although the economy was expected to drop it was able to withstand the effect of the decision. However, the pound has dropped to its lowest point in three decades, 1.28. As well as affecting the pound, Brexit has affected Great Britain socially in regards to immigration. In this new environment, some immigrants have reported that they have stopped speaking their native tongue in public. Mothers are worried about their children being bullied at school. Younger immigrants say they fear discrimination over jobs and educational opportunities. The negative effects of Brexit have already began to show as nativist sentiment increases and the pound continues to lose value. It is safe to say that this referendum will be marked in history as it continues to change Britain in the future.
Officially known as The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the UK (or simply Britain) is home to over sixty-five million diverse people. The UK has been a member of the European Union for 43 years and has seen its economy do quite well during this time. During the summer of 2016, UK citizens made a decision to leave the EU. This decision shook the entire global economy, raised many uncertainties and now leaves a number of unanswered questions surrounding the global economic landscape.
Early this year the United Kingdom held a referendum to decide whether to leave or stay apart of the European Union. This event is called the “Brexit” (Britain exiting the European Union), but even though the acronym only includes Britain it means the entirety of the United Kingdom. In the referendum, most of England and Whales voted to leave while Northern Ireland and Scotland voted to stay. Ultimately the United Kingdom’s vote was won in favor of leaving the EU with a 51.9% vote to stay and a 48.1% vote to leave (BBC News). Now the question is what does this mean for the UK and how will this impact its economy in the future? It may be too early to tell how this will play out, but for us to identify what is happening now we must thoroughly and truly understand the reasons for this Brexit in the first place.
On June 23rd of 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) voted in a referendum to leave the European Union (EU). This decision was met with both excitement and hostility. This conflict has many shades of grey, as so many different things happened all at once that need to be discussed. People from all over the world wonder about the future of the UK, whether more countries will attempt to follow in its footsteps and leave the European Union, or if the EU will remain strong and continue to exist as the source that unifies Europe.