Familial Polyposis

All women should be offered genetic testing during child-bearing years. It may be done before pregnancy or during pregnancy.

It is patients’ right to opt for genetic testing on their own DNA, although they are accepting a great risk by doing so.

When providing genetic testing services, the doctor or counselor should follow a set of principles. The doctor is obligated to explain the procedures and their purposes, describe the risks and benefits to be expected, inform of other alternative (possibly advantageous) procedures, disclose the range of decisions the patient may have to make, and answer all questions openly and

I agree that a disadvantage to genetic testing may result in discrimination. After learning more about the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, I find it interesting that the law not only restricts genetic information but also includes one’s individual and family medical history (NIH, 2014). The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act took effect in 2009, and also resulted in amendments to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in 2013, to clarify genetic information as health information (NIH, 2014). Another interesting fact regarding the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act is that it does not cover government based health insurers, such as military, veteran, or federal employee health benefits (NIH,

Genetic testing has brought about many changes in the way many couples look at conceiving and raising families. Through genetic testing you are able to screen for the increased chance that a fetus may have one of many congenital disorders, or even identify gene changes that are responsible for a disease that has already been diagnosed (Genetic Testing, March 2015). Unfortunately genetic testing is not always exact, in some cases giving parents false negatives or false positive results. Even if the results are accurate, there is the burden of knowledge once you know the results indicate a genetic abnormality such as Down’s syndrome. While caring for a 2 year old male patient with developmental delays and anotia, I learned that genetic testing had been started but never completed on the child. Genetic testing could help to identify genetic disorders that led to the child’s developmental delays and possible future disorders that may develop. The ethical dilemma I will be discussing to the ANA Ethical dilemma of the impact of informed consent of genetic testing on children for adult onset diseases and disorders.

If the genetic information is only accessible to the individual then there is a decreased chance of such discrimination occurring because the information is disclosed to who the individual wishes to. Genetic information can raise questions about personal responsibility, personal choice versus genetic determinism, and concepts of health and disease. Personal factors, family values, and community and cultural beliefs can mould the reactions to these issues. For example the response to the genetic information and suggestion from physicians after the test will be drastically different in a society where traditions and religion determine life choices, such as India, than to a more individually liberal society like the USA. Even in a progressive society that has had specific ethnic groups for multiple generations disparities with medical technology are common. A study conducted, using the national representative data, in the USA with the sample that consisted of 1724 men and women of non-Hispanic whites, Latinos, and African American background. Results exposed significant differences by racial/ethnic groups in knowledge and concerns about the potential misuse of genetic testing. Significantly higher levels of mistrust in a physician and the medical system was a common thread within minorities. The genetic tests can be a way of ridding anxiety attached to the assumed inheritance of genetic disease due to family background whilst for others the genetic test reveals their reality. The results can have a great deal of a psychological impact upon the individual. The possibility of developing a genetic disease alone can create anxiety within some. The psychological impact from the results revealed is another issue that society is concerned about. A

Genetic testing has become a highly controversial issue among both the general population and the scientific community. It is a process that exposes a person’s entire genome sequence, allowing it to be read and evaluated to identify potential risks for genetic diseases or diseases that could be passed onto offspring (Holt Productions, 2012). With thousands of genetic tests already being used, and more being established, it seems logical to put this growing technology to use. Some agree that it is a person’s right to know and understand his or her genetic makeup. However, others argue that, despite the benefits of genetic testing, caution should be used to carefully inspect the risks associated with this new technology.

<br>4. The rights of knowing someone's own health status and keeping that information private to oneself should be provided to all members of a society. Only the individual should have full access to information about his own genetic constitution and others should be prevented by legal regulations. As we have said above, the results of genetic tests can sometimes be detrimental to the individual. If a person does not want to know the information, its nobody's business nor right to declare it. This includes even not explaining favorable test results without the individual's request.

Genetic testing, can affect a person’s life in many ways. Genetic testing is a type of medical testing that identifies changes that occur in chromosomes, proteins, and genes. These changes that occur can be associated, and often are associated with inherited

All parents should have the choice to let their child be tested for future health problems and it should not be a law. We do not know what the future truly holds for technology and health issues. The testing of genetics should continue though because of those parents like of Cora, who have given that consent to find future health issues. The people who are in charge of the genetic testing need to inform those that it may not be a 100% accurate, the risks of finding something that has no cure, and the possible future hacking along with genetic

I feel it is very important to get genetic testing done because particular diseases could have major effects. If a person really wants to get a test done, they would be willing to pay the price. This would make the BRCA test more successful and doctors should only perform the test if the patient is willing to pay for the

I understand that what I find out can change my life forever, so I would be sure to speak to a genetic counselor before and after. I think that knowing what diseases that I am genetically predisposed to can motivate me to lead a healthier life. With today’s new discoveries linking food intolerances to certain disease, I can study about diets or eliminating foods to hopefully prevent whatever diseases that I can possibly get. I think that everyone should have the choice of whether or not they want to know, but I would definitely choose to find out more about what makes me who I am. Although the use of DTC testing is very controversial, limiting the at home information and requiring everyone to go through a doctor can make learning about genetic makeup very safe and informative for

Despite the benefits of genetic screening have obviously revealed, there are still many arguments left regarding this test. The dilemmas are including the person who is responsible to access the patient’s information, the potential of discrimination insurance company and employment. Body Genetic screening holds a big role in the medical and health requirement. Diagnostic screening, including prenatal and newborn screening, used to check whether the kids carrying chromosomal abnormality that leads to certain disorders, for example, down syndrome and aneuploidy.

There are different types of genetic testing and they include newborn screening, diagnostic testing, carrier testing, prenatal testing, pre-implantation testing, predictive and presymptomatic testing, and forensic testing (NLM, 2015). With genetic test it looks for changes in proteins, genes, and/or chromosomes from samples of tissues obtained from the person requesting the testing (NLM, 2015). The samples are normally obtained from blood, skin, hair, amniotic fluid, or other tissues (NLM, 2015). Genetic test is voluntary and requires an informed consent form signed before genetic testing can be preformed (Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M., 2013). There are counselors that will meet with a person wanting the testing before the testing is ever completed and will be there for emotional support when the testing is complete (Ignatavicius, D., & Workman, M.,

I think that everybody should do a genetic test at a very early age in order to know what is going on with their genes. Even if a genetic test is positive, a genetic counselor, doctor, or other health care professional trained in genetics can help an individual or family understand their test results. These professionals can also help explain the incidental findings that a test may yield, such as a genetic risk factor for a disease that is unrelated to the reason for administering the test, so they can clarify the implications of test results for other family members. Doing a genetic test is crucial because on an expanded panel, certain cancer can be entirely reversed with an early intervention like dietary