Fat Penguins Research Paper

The leopard seal lives in arctic regions where it's main food sources are penguins, larger fish, and the occasional batch of krill. It is top of the food chain in its environment. It has several adapting to help it, such as a streamlined body to aid with swimming, although this comes with a lack of external ears.It also has a second coat when it's a baby which sheds by the time the baby has sufficient blubber to survive on its own.These seals are also very aggressive with larger teeth than other seals, this way it can defend against humans, sharks, and killer whales all whilst snatching up penguins with ease. They also have four flippers to propel them through the water, although they are very awkward on land as they have to use their two hind

Freeman (2008) furthers Eckert et al’s argument by stating that the actin filaments of the muscle cell in organisms are able to intake ATP (adenosine triphosphate) faster and will move the organism faster when higher temperatures are imposed. This is because of an increase in enzyme reaction rates (Freeman 2008). These arguments can be applied to our experiment to help explain the trends observed. It can be argued that as the Gammarus setosus experiences the cold treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the cold temperature, which in turn signals the organism to preserve its energy to protect itself; therefore, the organism will swim slower. In addition, the enzymes in the muscle cells of the organism, when experiencing the cold treatments, will have decreased ability to carry out enzymatic reactions, therefore inhibiting the uptake of ATP, which will cause the organism to swim slowly. Conversely, as the organisms are put into the heated treatments, the organ of Bellonci senses the heat, and allows the organism to swim faster, since it does not have allocate as much of its energy towards survival. Furthermore, the enzymes in the cells will be able to catalyze reactions more quickly, therefore allowing the organism to swim faster. However, when the temperature of the surroundings is too high, the enzymes will denature, therefore, reducing the activity rate of

direct calorimetry. Furthermore, the amount of oxygen in the chamber reveals the amount of cellular respiration of the organism. While also, test the effects of decreasing oxygen, and later increasing the heat on the metabolic rate of goldfish. I hypothesize that an increase in temperature will increase their metabolic rate

We have noticed in other experiments that smaller animals have a higher surface-to-volume (SA/V) ratios than larger animals with a lower SA/V. After reviewing through articles, we hypothesized that endotherms with small bodies will have a higher metabolic rate than endotherms with large bodies. We tested this by making 6 clay cubes (different sizes) and placed them in ice for 10 minutes and measured them in 2-minute intervals. Our results supported our hypothesis because the larger clay with the smallest SA/V had the slowest cooling rate while the smallest cube with the higher SA/V had the fastest cooling rate.

Penguins lives in north pole. penguin eats fish, ray fish, squid, cod, krill and shrimp. They live for 10 years to 25 years. Penguins huddle up to keep warm because to protect them. A penguin is a bird but it cant fly. Baby penguins are born with out feathers. Penguins dive 50 to 60 feet to catch their food. when baby penguins are about 4 weeks old they huddle up to keep warm.

The king penguins favorite food is fish and some squid. In colonies in the open they have territories but no nest. The male penguins size is 16.0 kg ,and a female size is 14.3 kg. The scientific name is the aptenodytes patagonicus. No other penguins have a longer breeding cycle then the King penguins.

The Emperor’s lifespan is about 18-20 years and during those years they learn to hunt, avoid the animals that prey on them, and reproduce. The Emperor Penguins prey on many aquatic animals, some more than others such as Silverfish. Silverfish is the main food source that the penguins eat (according to google) but it’s not the only source. They can also eat krill and squid. The Emperor Penguins are only 3.6

The change in temperature affects the respiration of goldfish. In goldfish, active metabolic rate decreases as temperature is lowered (Johnston and Dunn 1987). The goldfish breathes per minute is decreased as oxygen is required for this activity. A similar experiment conducted supports the result from this experiment that oxygen consumption decreases as temperature decreases (Fry and Hart 1948). The decrease in breathes per minute was observed as the temperature was lowered. The average breathes per minute decreased from 110 to 92 per minute when the temperature was lowered from 22 to 12. So, the null hypothesis that the change in temperature will not affect the breathes of the goldfish was rejected. There were some sources of error for this

This suggests that this taxa has some kind of strategy to persist in the face of rapid environmental change. Two populations of Winter Skates were studied to showcase this process, an endangered population in the warmer Gulf of St. Lawrence, and a larger one in the cooler Scotian Shelf. In response to warmer conditions in the Gulf, the skates there got smaller, matured faster, and died sooner. These changes were accomplished with about 3600 changes in the way that this population expressed their

Emperor Penguins are found in Antarctica, and have to have a high tolerance of the cold and hot whether to be able to survive the whether conditions of the Antarctic.

The African black-footed, Galapagos, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins are all members of the Spheniscus family. Sharing common ancestry, these penguins share very similar morphological traits as well as behavioral traits. In order to try to determine what makes each of these species different, scientist in the field have turned to studying vocal repertoires of each penguin that is a part of the Spheniscus family. It has been concluded that although the Spheniscus demersus, commonly named the African black-footed penguin, has similarly behaving relatives in the Spheniscus family, it is only the black footed penguin that not only uses the braying vocalization for breeding, but during

When female penguins return to the breeding site, they bring a belly full of food that they regurgitate for the newly hatched chicks. While the male emperors go to the sea in search of food for themselves.

Many species of animals have had to adapt to their living enviroments. Some animals such as anglerfish, have had to go through major adaptations by developing a fishing pole like spine, descending from the middle of it's head. Others such as polar bears have had more of a minor adaptation such as, learning to bury themselves deep into the ground into small chambers. Both polar bears and anglerfish have had to go through many perplex yet astonishing adaptations.

No one realize that if the king crabs come up to the surface, it can change one thing but in a very big way. There is no proof that the king crabs will move to the surface and change the ecosystem. Because there is no proof, researchers had to test this hypothesis. James McClintock who is an author to the study, he explains how they can know if the king crabs will travel to the surface or not. The researchers would have to track the crabs’ movements by following them with a camera. As the ocean warms up in the Antarctic, the crabs will become powerful predators as they travel from their deep sea homes up to the surface. When the ocean is very cold, the crabs cannot survive the cold so they stay deep in the ocean to survive. The king crabs can

There is a leeward side and exposed side. Most penguins don’t leave the leeward side more often than the exposed, even though it is expected for them to leave the exposed side the more often. It doesn’t matter which side they are on because all the sides of the huddle face the same climatic conditions. Emperors follow behind other individuals when joining a huddle. This is why it doesn’t matter what side the penguins pick. Emperor penguins join huddles to absorb heat. When they get too hot they need to release heat. So emperor penguin huddles need to break up at some points to dissipate heat. Once a penguins body temperature reaches 37.5o C, they tend to leave the huddle (Ancel, Gilbert, Poulind, Beaulieu, Thierry 96). According to André Ancel, the breaking up of huddles is accompanied by a haze of warm air rising over the colony, which signifies heat dissipation. When huddles break up the temperature decreases and the light intensity