Fitzgerald Vs Seamans Case

Throughout the rigmarole of political history of the United States of America, the growth of the “fourth branch of government”, the Bureaucracy, has been a prominent, controversial topic. Peter Woll, in his article “Constitutional Democracy and Bureaucratic Power”, and James Q. Wilson, in his article “The Rise of the Bureaucratic State”, discuss this developing administrative branch. The Constitution has no written mention of an “administrative branch”, and today’s Bureaucracy is often tedious, corrupt, and even undemocratic. But such a branch’s development and expansion is necessary in order to keep par with an evolving and changing society.

What are the most important limitations on presidential control of the federal bureaucracy? What are the benefits and problems with granting federal bureaucrats discretion in the implementation

Supreme Court ruled that Nixon was being unconstitutional. This is undoubtedly true due to the

However, only about three percent of all federal employees are appointed by the president. Consequently, since the majority of bureaucrats are hired using the merit based system they are not as compelled to be loyal to the president’s will. Under the merit based system, employees cannot be fired simply because they have different political beliefs or don’t adhere to the president’s policy preferences. Thus, although the president has a lot of power, when it comes to the bureaucracy, it can be likened to having just a few cattle herders for thousands of cattle. Not all of the cattle are going to want to go in the same direction and will consequently have a tendency to split or wander off in their own direction despite the desire and drive of the herders.

nominating people to be appointed to a department, and removal of people from a department.

The main event that led to the civil war was slavery.This can be seen in the Dred Scott vs. Sandford case in 1857.Also in bleeding Kansas in 1856.all of these events had everything to do with slavery in the North or South

Within the hierarchy of Presidential political appointees, White House policy czars are becoming both more prominent and more controversial. The Administration’s policy czar positions are established either by Executive order or by Presidential directive. In some cases, a powerful Governor or the national political committee for the President’s party will convince the President to establish a subject matter czar to emphasize the importance of a particular issue. The czars’ role is to direct Federal policy development and manage interagency requirements associated with implementing the President’s political agenda.

In 1916 there was a Land Ordinance in Louisville, KY, which stated that African Americans where prohibited from living on a block where the majority of residents were white. It also prohibited whites from living on a block where the majority of residents were black. In order to challenge this law, Warley, a black man, agreed to purchase Buchanan 's house. Buchanan was white. Just by this simple action, Warley and Buchanan 's lives would change, and would indeed challenge not only the law, but the court as well.

James Buchanan was an unsuccessful president due to his unwillingness to see the national effects of his decisions on slavery. In his inaugural address, Buchanan signaled his desire to serve as a “peacemaker.” At the time of his election to President in 1856 under the Democratic nomination, few people expected him to have Republicans in the cabinet. Yet he almost had no Democratic representation. Regardless of the appointees to his cabinet, Buchanan was stubborn and stuck to his own views, either choosing not to see the effects slavery had on the nation, or simply being clueless to the repercussions. James Buchanan supported the Dred Scott case in the Supreme Court, was in favor of the Kansas-Nebraska act, and created stronger sectionalism, greatly affecting the political parties.

In the case that was know as The Pentagon Papers Case. The plaintiff; USA argued that “prior restraint was necessary to protect national security.” The defendant; NYT said that it wouldn’t hurt the people to know what was going on in a war that their own country was fighting in. The Pentagon Papers was a secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945-1967. On June 30, 1971 the supreme court came to their decision. They voted 6 to 3 in favor of the New York Times. In writing for the

In Washington D.C., they banned handgun possession by making it a crime to carry an unregistered firearm while prohibiting the registration of handguns. This law provides that no person can carry an unlicensed handgun, but the law authorizes the police chief to issue a one-year gun license to police officers. This law also requires the residents of Washington D.C. to keep their lawfully owned firearms unloaded and dissembled/bound by a trigger lock. In the Supreme Court case District of Columbia v. Heller, Heller was a D.C. special policeman who applied to register a handgun he wished to keep at home, but the District declined. Heller filed a suit against the District from enforcing the bar on handgun registration, which is the licensing requirement

In the landmark court case of United States vs. Nixon the court had denied Nixon’s presidential power of executive privilege to halt the subpoena against him. The court concluded that his exercised power was not absolute and the need for evidence outweighed the presidential privilege as it was infringing on a criminal case. This case against Nixon was a result of one of the worst presidential scandals in U.S. history. The scandal was the Watergate scandal.

In the Supreme Court case United States vs. Richard Nixon there was a lot of controversy about Nixon’s executive privilege. Well, what is an executive privilege? It is known as the privilege, or special right, claimed by the president in the executive branch of the US government, of withholding information in the public interest. Although Presidents get special privileges, their rights are “not absolute and must be balanced against other political interests”(United States vs. Nixon). Nixon abused his right of Executive privilege when he helped his government officials break into the Watergate complex. It was said that the Watergate affair relates to the re-election of Richard Nixon, which later worked out in his favor because he won the election.

The absolute of form of sovereign immunity can be found in the case of Schooner Exchange V. McFaddon (1812). In the case, two Americans filed a suit against the Schooner Exchange, claiming that they owned the ship and arguing that the ship had been taken by force by France in 1810. But the United States Supreme Court gave its decision that under international law, jurisdiction over another country could be waived in some specific situations. That means since the ship had already been in the possession of France, the ship was generally free from the jurisdiction of domestic courts in the US when visiting the country. Then the historical development of immunities took a turn to another different direction. The US State Department issued the

Downsizing has become a commonplace strategy for organizations to adopt in an effort to cut costs, eliminate redundancies, and streamline organizational systems. Over the last 15 years, many organizations have engaged in downsizing more than once. Most companies have learned from the mistakes of the past, but some companies are still trying to use the same tactics today that were used in the mid 1980s, that leave employees reeling.