Foot Binding: Chinese Women's Relevance To Modern Women

Daily life during the Yuan dynasty was not so enjoyable life for woman. This is because woman had a very difficult life and had no rights,they were to be bossed around by men and couldn't accomplish anything themselves unless they make dinner.As well as ,girls were forbidden to have an education and only wealthy boys were able to attend school and because boys were able to succeed greater in society.According to this article called Ancient China:Daily life mentions something really interesting about woman “They were considered much less valuable than men. Sometimes when a baby girl was born she was put outside to die if the family didn't want it. This was considered okay in their society. Women had no say in who they would marry.”.Girls were

Women in ancient Rome and China were very different but quite similar as for as their treatment and roles were concerned. In both cultures they were under the protection of their fathers until they married. When they married they were to stay home and be wives, they were not formally educated and learned to manage their households. They were not allowed to disgrace their families in any way and were inferior to men from the moment of birth. Chinese women whether from a noble or a poor family could not escape oppression, but it was somewhat easier for the women from Noble families. (8) Comparing the women of Ancient Rome (750BC – AD500) and the women of China (350BC – AD600), from the roles they played in

Women controlled many of the in house affairs, such as dealing with servants, family resources, and money. In terms of authority, a man’s mother and wife were treated with a higher level of respect than other women. Although, throughout both dynasties, when a women entered marriagehood, she became part of her husband's family; the women were also not able to obtain their dowry. During the Song Dynasty, confucian beliefs and social norms were much more present. Surrounding women, confucian beliefs generally say a women should stay at home and had the lion’s share of work. The custom of footbinding throughout the Song Dynasty further depressed women's role and social standing. Footbinding began at the higher class and elite; the custom was in place to make womens feet smaller and more attractive. This was a painful process of binding feet with cloth to achieve beauty and luxury, which became so socially acceptable that it was even forced by many parents onto their daughters. The fear was not being able to find a husband if the daughter had big feet. Over time, the status of women negatively declined between each dynasty.

According to Mackie (1996: 1001) the practice of foot binding spread from the imperial palace, transmitting down through the classes until it was nearly universally adopted. Thus, foot binding can be seen as symbolising one's status. Foot binding came to symbolise gentility, and it was only the absolute lowest of the lower class who were the exception to the convention. Such destitute individuals could not afford for female family members to be foot-bound when their manual labour was needed (Mackie 1996: 1001). However, to avoid such disgrace, many poor families preferred to “struggle along for a precarious living, bringing up their daughters with small feet” (Doolittle 1865: 201). This is in keeping with Veblen's (1934) view that foot binding is a costly display of a family's wealth (Mackie 1996: 1002). Likewise in Africa, female mutilation reportedly spread partly due to individuals wanting to emulate their higher status neighbours who had already adopted the practice (Mackie 1996: 1004). In addition to symbolising wealth, Mackie suggests that female mutilation symbolises a family's commitment to values of purity and chastity (Mackie 1996: 1000, 1008). Given the costs and risks associated with female mutilation, that a family would choose to commit to the practice shows how willing they are to ensure that males can be confident in terms of paternity. With this intention, female mutilation can be seen as symbolising a female's purity and future fidelity (Mackie 1996:

When it comes to discussing the manners and customs that dominated in China in the past century, numerous topics appear. Thanks to the numerous written testimonies, we can almost reconstruct the life and experiences of people in ancient China. Of course, many of the practices described are not only interesting, but surprising. In this paper I am going to take a closer look at the status of women in ancient Chinese family.

When girls were school age their feet began bending to make them smaller. Their feet were swathe in bandages and drawn towards their heels which caused the bones to break creating a small 3 inch foot. Unfortunately, because of this custom many girls had complication which caused them to have infections, paralysis and some even died because of this gruesome tradition. The Chinese thought that this tradition of binding feet would give a young lady of the affluent class the opportunity of getting a good husband. The lower class and peasants did not divulge in this tradition because the women were needed to work in the

Family and culture is shown negatively in this story when the narrator learns about her grandmother’s bound feet and has to change her life to benefit her family. An example is, “Disappointment made me protest. ‘But you said I had to give up the lessons so we could bring her from Hong Kong,’ I said. ‘Well, she’s here.’ Dad hesitated and then set the boxes down. ‘Try to understand, hon. We’ve got to set your grandmother up in her own apartment. That’s going to take even more money.’” (Yep 32 and 33). This shows how the narrator had to stop taking dance lessons because they had to use the money from the dance lessons to help a certain family member. It impacted the narrator’s life negatively because she could no longer dance even though it was probably one of her favorite activities to do. In addition, “However, she wasn’t quick enough, because I saw her bare feet for the first time. Her feet were like taffy that someone had stretched out and twisted. [...] “There was a time back in China when people thought women’s feet had to be shaped a certain way to look beautiful. When a girl was about five, her mother would gradually bend her toes under the sole of her foot” (Yep 69 and 76). This demonstrates how the narrator learned about the Chinese tradition of foot binding when her mother had to explain to her why her grandmother’s feet were abnormal after she

Details from Ning Lao’s life are often laid out in this way throughout the first few sections of the book. During Ning Lao’s childhood she is explained to be a very active child which causes her parents to wait until she is seven years old to start binding her feet. Ning Lao explained her experience:

The idea of feminism has not always been common. The term “feminism” wasn’t introduced until the 1970s. This shows how society didn’t allow anything that had to due with everyone being equal because of the standards that society constructed. In all the versions of Mulan, I think that Disney’s Mulan was the most strict on her having Ancient China’s role of being a woman. This would be having kids, helping clean around the house and not working for money, but working for her husband and kids. In Disney’s Mulan, her family is more hard on her to be a lady and for her to be the proper role of a women. This is because they went to a “matchmaker” to find her husband, and after saving everyone several times, she was still looked down upon because she was a woman.

Women with large feet were considered a disgrace in China. Foot binding was the tight wrapping of fabric around a girl's foot in order to compress the foot (Moss and Wilson 230). The painful practice could cause many infections and could even lead to death. Many young girls would bind their feet around the age of eight to stop the growth of their feet, making it into a deformed shape. This was mainly practiced by the wealthier class because they wouldn't need to use their feet to work, unlike the lower class.

In the article, Ko highlights the many misconceptions modern people have on footbinding such as keeping a woman’s foot bound, kept them in a hobbled and subservient domestic state or as sex objects . Afterwards, she states that our “certainties may turn out to be dead wrong” suggesting to readers that she is going to shine a positive light on footbinding. Ko goes more in depth about the three things men believed footbinding was, and why the tradition of binding ones foot was important at that time. The Chinese believed that wearing shoes differentiated and distinguished them from beasts as well as savages

Women have been taught from a young age about her their future roles of wife, mother and daughter-in-law. In the book Lesson for Women written during the Han dynasty by Ban Chao a woman for unmarried daughters to prepare them for their duties in marriage teaches women to practice humility, obedience and devotion to her husband (e). This shows that women were expected to work for her husband and his family, thus constantly self-sacrificing by putting other before her needs. Confucianism wanted cosmic order through patriarchal families as the foundation for a stable society where women were not given the freedom to make their own decisions because her role was within the family and her status was not equal to a

Perhaps one of the most memorable moments in the Good Earth is when Wang Lung stumbles upon his younger daughter with a depressed look on her face. Wang Lung asks her in a kind voice why she had wept, and she cries, “Because my mother binds a cloth about my feet more tightly every day and I cannot sleep at night” (Buck, 248). Foot binding was a common practice in China before it became outlawed in 1915. The process involved forcefully breaking the bones of the young girl, which would cause her permanent pain for the rest of her life. Small feet were considered to be beautiful in China, and women with large feet were considered unattractive. Women with bound feet were unable to walk long distances and as a result had to be carried. Although it has been over a century since foot binding has last been permitted, people in the United States are still completing horrendous acts for the sake of beauty. One such example is a tongue piercing, where a needle is painstakingly stuck through the tongue and metal pieces of various sizes are inserted. Perri Klass, in her

by Moore 229). High heels have an importance in everyday life, but as they are associated with different rituals, they take on the weight of that ritual as it goes on. Because of the ritual of the drag race, high heels take on a different meaning and serve a different purpose. If one examines the history of drag, it becomes obvious that high heels have always had great influence. There are a few obvious identifiers of this culturally marginal practice, which hyperbolises that which is stereotypically feminine and glamorous; these main identifiers include items such as lipstick, fake eyelashes, taped and shifted body parts, and high heels. Through the ritual of the race and the sexualisation of bodies, the heels become a sexual symbol as well as a symbol for the movement as whole. However, this shows how truly dynamic high heels are a symbol; the fact that they can be regular shoes during everyday life and take on both the history of drag during this race. High heels cannot just be viewed as objects, but must be analysed through a lens of social processes. This race is an example of just how much the symbolic nature of high heels is subject to change through rituals.

When coupled with the line "the bound feet" (Piercy, 20), the poem appears as if it were a comment solely about the injustice forced upon Chinese women from 934 until 1949. Foot binding is a painful process which includes breaking all of the toes and arch of the foot to grossly alter the shape of the foot, so that the foot, when mature would be no more than four inches long.  The first break was usually made when a girl was three to five years old, then the feet were wrapped in yards of cloth to prevent them from growing or reshaping. The pain from the initial break was nothing compared to the enduring pain the women experienced for the rest of their lives. The pain was caused by the drastically deformed feet. (Chinese foot binding- lotus shoes)