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Foreign Aid, Fdi Tech Transfers

Decent Essays

Even if exogenous factors do contribute to growth as seen in today’s world, foreign aid, FDI tech transfers etc., the endogenous characteristics of an economy – internal policies, political stability and so on will affect the extent to which these exogenous benefits are internalised.
Classical theories by Smith on specialisation, division of labour and increasing returns to scale only applicable when it comes to industrial or manufacturing industries and hence, relevant wrt to industrialised economies –the advanced countries of today. More gains in terms of economies of scale, technological advances and prices. Where most middle income dev ecos and low income ecos are agrarian – the theory does not hold as agriculture faces diminishing …show more content…

Trade and growth again seem to have very limited and conditional relationship. The costs of integration in the world market. Terms of trade unfavourable for the developing economies.
Harrod domar – assumed closed economy, no foreign trade – infer that growth for an economy should come from within the economy’s resources making full utilization of the country’s resources for its benefit. Growth/development a function of Savings and investment in an economy. The reason why poor countries are poor is due to a fundamental savings gap/lack of capital accumulation which is then not enough to capitalise on investment opportunities and low productivity. So the way out is to increase savings, investment and its productivity – by tech changes. Savings gap facilitated by foreign aid, private foreign investment. Similar to Marshall Plan rationalisation – American financial support to European countries post WWII – discourage Soviet Union communist expansion and capitalism promotion.
Policy implications – sectoral investment – structural transformation. Ricardo’s comparative advantage theory can be tweeked to mean that a country should invest in that sector where it has a higher output-capital ratio. Labour intensive activities?
Asian crisis – premature financial liberalisation and timing. Govt planning to improve investment qualities, create an enabling environment. India’s five yr plan – investment heavy plan in line with harrod domar model.
HD + Lewis and even AS – focus on

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