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From Description to Analysis

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From Description to Analysis



The Problem: One of the most difficult and important skills I teach to my Reading & Composition students is that of moving from descriptive writing (what amounts to plot summary in an English literature class) to analytic writing, to writing that communicates the student's ideas rather than the studied author's ideas. By the middle point of the semester, students for the most part have understood how to present a central argument for their papers, but they do not write in such a way that their argument pervades the essay assignment. Because composition teachers rely on a distinction between arguments and evidence, students often do not see how their evidence (the bulk of their essay) can be …show more content…

At the same time, I make clear to students that they can (and often should) situate their ideas in relation to the events of the story, but that they should emphasize their ideas rather than the fictional events. The worksheets then offer examples (like the following based on Camus' "The Guest") of both plot summary and analytic writing:



Description (plot summary): The men walk together, but then a bird rips the sky into two, and Daru is happy. Daru rejoices in separation.



• Analysis: Daru still plays host to the Arab as they walk over the land. However, Daru will soon separate from his burdensome guest, and so he rejoices when the bird splits the sky into two parts, signaling separation.



As we read through this example, I draw the students' attention to how the meaning but not the language has become complex in the analytic statement. We then discuss what useful ideas the analytic statement adds: that Daru is a host in this relationship, that the splitting sky mirrors the men's impending separation, and that Daru is made happy because of this meaning.



The second half of the worksheets break this writing down into a three-step process: first, summarizing or describing a quotation, second, interpreting that quotation ("close reading"), and third, transforming one of those

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