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Gender Biases In Music

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Gender Biases in music focusing on the parallels associated with gender roles in modern day and historical trends are still present today. As of recent decades, women have had extremely limited opportunities within music especially composition. Unfortunately, women were often encouraged as amateurs but not professionals. As professional performers and composers, historically, there have been many obstacles facing woman. From the eras of "Let women keep silence in church." Women could and did make music in their own separate covenants, but these institutions did not compare to their male counterparts. Advancing to instrumental music in the Renaissance era, women faced sexual stereotyping when it came to instruments. Women were expected to develop and cultivate "feminine" instruments that would not require an alteration in facial expression or physical demeanor. This left women with mostly keyboard instruments such as the piano and harpsichord, sheltering women from broadcasting themselves because it was deemed inappropriate. The lute and viol were also acceptable during the Renaissance and Baroque eras and the harp and guitar were acceptable in the Classic and Romantic periods. There were many more instruments that were deemed "masculine." This included winds, brass, percussion, and larger strings. This made orchestra and other ensembles mostly an all-male profession. Between 1880 to 1920 the number of women composing and performing increased drastically, thanks to the

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