ASSIGNMENT Gender, depression and levels of intervention Majok 3/5/2015 Medical, behavioural, Ecological and social approaches to depression and primary, secondary and tertiary intervention strategies INTRODUCTION It has been discovered that women are suffering more than men with the psychological disorders such as depression. There are many reasons behind it such as interpersonal violence. There are many intervention methods that have been introduced to manage this issue. One approach is to target the symptoms and biological factors that cause depression. The outside environment of any person, along with intensity of circumstances and incidents play a crucial role in determining mental health. It is necessary to investigate how an …show more content…
It is essential to implement an intervention program that encompasses medical, psychological and behavioural treatments. It must address the improvement in thought pattern of the patient, along with that for temporary relief medicines can provide relief from the symptoms of depression. The intervention approach for biologically-based depressions, mainly involves the course of prescribed antidepressants which are given as the first step of treatment. In this regard various new medicines have also been introduced to minimise the symptoms of depression. In severe depressions, Antipsychotics are applied to normalise the psychotic symptoms, (Australian Psychological Institute, 2012). Apart from medications, Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a popular intervention for depression which is well supported (Gloaguen, Cottraux, Cucherat & Blackburn, 1998) as viewed in (Australian Psychological Institute, 2012). The theory behind this intervention is that Cognitive work is associated with internal values of women and standards in outside environment. For example women mostly model their behaviour according to their value system rather than the standards that are imposed on them externally. The therapy assists them to identify the challenges that are associated with the traditional role in sex for women and how they behave in intimate relationships. The CBT’s intervention is implemented in association with service
Depression is the most common mental health disorder; it affects over 17 million American adults each year. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by at least four symptoms such as changes in sleep, appetite, weight, and psychomotor activity; decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, thoughts or attempts. “Women are approximately two times more likely than men to suffer from major depression” (Research Agenda for Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women’s Health, 1996) and it has been called the most significant mental health risk for women. Women are more likely to suffer from depression during marriage
1. Summary of the paper (max. 250 words). 25% of credit. In this section, you need to briefly
According to the research depression is an outcome of family, cultural, personal and social circumstances. The main causes of depression are the stress factors such as bereavement, abuse, the stress of divorce and sexual infidelity. Other kinds of stressors like isolation and ageing, health problems, stigma, cultural distance are the major difficulties faced by the people. The finding demonstrates the nature of an individual of understanding depression and different management strategies used in the primary care of the patients. The encouragement of the self-help in the step care models is recommended in the NICE guidelines of UK which may require more than blanket application of self-management tools and more systematic extracting of strategies which enable an individual to develop on their existing strengths and moving towards the recovery more effectively. The finding also reveals the depth of traumatic and violent experiences suffered by the women due to depression. Many women link their depressions with the heavy loss such as ill health, bereavement or job-related events. The approach of chronic disease management is becoming a widespread practice of controlling depressive disorders of how the patients respond to the approach in the primary care. The understanding of the symptoms is important to understand the recurrent depression that may be problematic and
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a method of correcting invalid thought patterns to a more positive view of the person and their place in their world. Some people do not believe that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a real treatment for depression, claiming it is a form of positive thinking ("The Daily Mail," 2009). On the opposite end of the spectrum, others argue that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy should be used in all therapies for depression as it allows the patient to take an active role in their treatment. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the benefit of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a viable treatment of depression, either as a stand-alone therapy or in
Although it is true that more women go through depression rather than men, men can still experience depression more in depth. The reason more women go through depression is because after childbirth, there is this point in time where the woman goes through depression because of hormones. “The prevalence of major depressive episode was higher among adolescent female (19.4%) compared to men (13.86%)” (“Major Depression” 1). As a result, almost half of the adults who go through a depressive episode do not receive any type of treatment. The
Is depression affected by gender? Depression is a medical condition that has an emotional impact on the brain. However, depression can influence a person’s reasoning, action, and their emotional state. Also, depression can interfere with a person personal life or career, and it can cause an individual unhappiness and to become less engaged participating in activities that they previously desired. Nevertheless, depression affects both men and women, but it is intriguing to determine if women are susceptible to depression than men.
More than three hundred and fifty million people globally are affected by depression, and it is of utmost importance to discover why they are depressed and how they can be assisted (Pietrangelo, 2015). Marion Leboyer has this to say about depression, “Major depression is associated with substantial social and even physical dysfunction, significantly more than some chronic medical conditions, eg, diabetes.” Bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and major depressive disorder are some forms of the incredibly debilitating disorder that leaves many individuals with a perpetual sense of gloominess (iFred, 2017). Depression can be seasonal, grief-induced, or caused by imbalances of chemicals in the brain
The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE 2009) and Royal College of Psychiatrist (2013) recommend Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) as the most effective evidence-based psychological treatment for depression. A mental-analyses study by Butler et al (2006) demonstrates that CBT is efficacious for correcting a wide range of disabling conditions such depression. Beach and Gupta (2003) adhere to this stating that there is good evidence that CBT, Interpersonal and systemic psychological treatment interventions are efficacious in treating depression. Despite CBT effectiveness in the treatment of depression, Carr and McNulty (2007a) stipulate that CBT is not a cure-all therapy and hence assessment of patients is encouraged at the outset of the appointment to determine patient’s eligibility for treatment.
Depression is one of the most common therapeutic topics. There are many effects that lead to major depression and thus require distinctive therapy methods. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the body, emotions and thoughts (Hoeksema and rector, 2011). In order for a person to be diagnosed with major depression, they must show at least 4 symptoms from any of the 4 categories; such as mood changes, cognitive changes, physical changes, and behavior changes; and must have experience of depression for 2 weeks. These symptoms arise overtime and thus it is very crucial to determine the outcome and the solution for depression. Even though the main cause of depression is biology, social factors help derive stress that lead to depressive moods because of situations that people face which then supports the other etiologies. Through this essay I will discuss the social stress that causes depression through social involvement, relationships with close individuals, and stress from work. Secondly, how parental teaching affects the child’s thought process and in the way the child learns to deal with situations. Thirdly, past traumatic events that influences self-esteem, thought process in particular situations and other effects on depression. Finally why social etiology explains depression more effectively over the biological and psychological etiologies. As people carry on their everyday routine, different situations come cross their way.
Clinical depression can affect people of any age, including children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the total number of people living with depression in the world is 322 million (WHO, 2017). Major depression affects about 6.7% of the U.S. population over age 18, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2017). The most common time of onset is in a person in their 20s and 30s with women being diagnosed twice as much as men (APA, 2013). This disparity can be due to several factors including hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Raising a child alone can also increase the risk of depression in women (NIMH, 2017). Depression in men is significantly underreported. Men who
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, depression is a serious but common illness that interferes with daily life and causes pain for you and the your loved ones (National Institute of Mental Health, 2015). Depression affects males and females; however, females are more likely to be diagnosed with depression at any given year. Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and insomnia are amongst the most common reasons for individuals to seek out treatment
We pursued this analysis in order to identify and describe the potential differences found in depression across the different intervention approaches. In addition to analyzing the differences between the interventions, we would be able to conduct analyses on the differences between male and female participants. Although we would be able to factor in other variables, it may also complicate the results. The results may reflect an interaction effect and reduce the representation of the data to the target population. All variables with a p-value under .050 are
Men and women are biologically similar in regards to the hormones and chemicals involved with depression. However socially, each gender encounters different social afflictions that can often lead them into depressive states. In this essay, we will explore the common struggles that each gender experiences and how these realities effect their contrasting developments of depression.
In future prevention of depressive disorders may become an important way in addition to treatment to reduce a huge public health burden of depression in women. There is need to press forward an understanding of female depression which may require future epidemiologic research to pay attention on first onsets and follow incidents associates of young women through the pubertal transition into young adulthood with proper measures of both sex hormones and gender-related environmental experiences. An improvement in routine clinical practice to identify some of the women at risk by better communication between health professionals and a functional intervention aimed at primary prevention by jointly manipulating assumed biological, environmental and societal risk factors. Understanding aspects of depression in women, including it as part of health education, de stigmatizing depression and raising awareness
The term depression is used to refer to a broad spectrum of mental health issues characterised by the lack of positive feelings (an absence of concern and satisfaction in every day activities and experiences), a bad mood and a variety of related emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioural symptoms (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health UK, 2010). Mood variations range from between clinically significant degrees of depression (for example, major depression) and to those of a more spasmodic and lesser nature importance consider the symptoms of depression according to (Lewinsoh, Solomon & Seeley, 2000) as happening on a continuum of severity. The identification of major depression is based not only on its severity but also on perseverance, and the level of functional and social deficiency (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, UK, 2010).