Gender in Advertising:
The Differences in How Men and Women are Portrayed and How those Difference Affect Us:
Across Time and Across Countries
Bria Mosley
The Ohio State University
According to Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, advertising is defined as “any paid form of non-personal communication about an organization, product or service with an idea from an identified sponsor.” Advertising is the most cost-effective way to reach large numbers of consumers. It also builds brand equity by influencing consumers’ perceptions. However, one of the major disadvantages of advertising is that it is very non-personal. Advertising usually involves mass media in forms of television
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Baby clothes, toddler clothes and children’s clothes all come in boy’s colors and girl’s colors. This ideal is also shown in shoes and toys both coming in “boy” or “girl” colors. Boys are usually advertised as playing with airplanes, soldiers and wild animals. Girls are usually seen playing with dolls and toy kitchens. As children grow into teenagers, these ideals are still pushed onto them by advertising, just in a different way. Teenage boys are portrayed as hyper active and obsessed with sports. On the other hand, teenage girls are considered less active and more concerned with their physical appearance and beauty (O’ Barr W. M., 2006). Gender roles in society have continued to change drastically compared to the 1940’s. In 1940, women made up around 20% of the workforce in America. Women currently make up around 50% of the work force. Family structures are also changing. The number of single parents is growing and the number of two parent families is getting smaller. This is true of workforces internationally as well. Worldwide, about 70% of working age women are working outside of the home. Women even make up the majority of professional workers in many countries, compared to in the early 1950’s when women were only working jobs where the pay was low and the hours were long, holding roles such as shelf stackers, cleaners and
In other words, advertising is a form of communication as well as a marketing function where the advertiser pays for the use of the communications media. It is non-personal (compared to personal selling) and has to be persuasive and convincing in order to sell or secure favorable consideration. The advertiser has to communicate facts and ideas to the public in such a way that the information fits the needs, wants, and interests of the public (Crisostomo 4).
Women made up 49.83% of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June of 2009; for the first time in American history, “Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women's roles and massive job losses for men during this recession” (Cauchon). Just as the current recession has impacted the way that women exist in the workforce, so too did past national events influence women’s roles in the workplace. In the early twentieth century, it was rare for women to work outside of the home; World War II, with its incredibly high draft rate, left a labor gap in the United States that made it necessary for women to enter the workforce in record numbers. Although many
Since the emergence of advertising in American culture one thing that has remained constant is the visible truth that men and women are portrayed differently. In consideration to the evolution of man kind gender roles have evolved immensely throughout time, although advertisements have not kept up with this process of evolution. Companies to this day use their tactics and skills to reach out to specific genders such as pretty fonts with a stylish message, while advertisements towards men portray the character as strong and intimidating. The typical viewer can easily spot the difference in the portrayal of genders. Men are portrayed this way because the viewers look up to these characters, they want to be
As you know many things have changed since the 1960s and 1970s. For instance, women’s rights. Women rights have come a long way in education, work, family life, politics, and sports. But I am writing to remind you the importance in women’s work force. Women have always in a general manner…been under appreciated. It seemed however that sometimes needs made men realize or potential. You see during world war 2, nearly all women worked…this was directly related to the fact that men where away at war. Women worked both hard labor, and intelligent jobs. After they returned; women gave up their jobs and let men take over. Most women enjoyed the thought of a house life, but I don’t think most knew exactly what they were getting themselves into. Women
The 1940’s were a turning point for women in the workforce. Women were perceived to be the weaker sex by society and faced social prejudices in efforts to become part of the workforce. The common belief was that women were intellectually inferior to men, incapable of making decisions regarding their household, and should not work outside of the home. Their job was to maintain the home, raise the children, and be supportive wives of the working husband.
Introduction Women play a humongous role in today’s society, but 100 years ago that was not the case. The evolution of women in the workplace, and society in general continues to change daily. Women started joining the workforce during World War 2 (the 1940s) to fill the positions of men who were deployed in the war overseas. Women were not seen as workers before World War 2; they were seen as stay at home mothers. Women were “supposed” to stay at home cooking and cleaning.
Advertising: advertising is a paid non-personal communication using various methods like (television, radio billboards and flyers) to reach the audience or the reader to have what we call in marketing brand awareness (the book pride w.and Ferrell o,2006,p189 and G.M.Brown AND F.A.Macina, Jan1940, 2)
The level that sexism occurs in advertising in 2017 seems to be inequivalent to those seen in 1960’s advertising. The gender roles of women in 1960 were defined and marketed as being submissive, subservient and less than a mans role. Ad’s that air in 2017 show the side of this gender inequality and it is more rampant than initially thought. A quick search turns up just how many advertisers use sex to sell products, ideas and endorsements. As pointed out in Female Stereotypes in Print Advertising: A Retrospective Analysis by Yorgos C. Zotos, Eirini Tsichla, “Gender stereotypes in the media, and the mass media in particular, have a long-recognized capacity to define “socially-acceptable” ways of being or relating to others, as well as to
Gender roles is a very controversial topic in today’s society, especially when it comes to working. 100 years ago, in Europe, women were working long hours in factories. Women also worked as nurses, cleaned wealthy people 's homes, worked the fields, and were craftswomen. In other areas, women have been working the fields, handicrafts, and workshops. Meanwhile, 100 years ago in the United States women were expected to stay home and take care of the family/home, while the men went out and worked an average of ten hours a day for six days a week, compared to the traditional five day weeks and 8 hour days.
Gender roles is a very controversial topic in today’s society, especially when it comes to working. 100 years ago, in Europe, women were working long hours in factories. Women also worked as nurses, cleaned wealthy people 's homes, and were craftswomen. Meanwhile, 100 years ago in the United States women were expected to stay home and take care of the family/home, while the men went out and worked an average of ten hours a day for six days a week, compared to the traditional five day weeks and 8 hour days.
Advertisements have been associated with causing negative influences in women to accept the inferior status to men, limiting their potential in the real world. Historically, women have been taught to stay at home, and men to be active and dominant. In 2017, not much has been changed due that the portrayal of sex roles in advertising still reflecting inequality between women and men, provoking improper behaviors in individuals, and changing negatively the perception of their role in the society.
The roles of males and females in society have significantly changed, as opposed to the predominant roles in our history. In the modern culture of today, women have begun to break out of the mold that which society has placed her in. This much can’t be said when it comes to modern gender representation in mass media advertising. It can be safe to state that woman are seen as sexual, fragile, exotic—whereas men are portrayed as tough, in control, and aggressive. This trend can be one seen as an inhibitor to the advancement of our culture, because especially for women, it is hard to pull away from the stereotypes that are continuously represented. As examples of the given trend, the following
The changes occurring in the workplace present several sub-trends. One of the most significant is that women are returning to it in large numbers. I use the term returning rather than entering because women comprised a major factor in the workforce during World War II, but was forced out by men returning from the war. Jamieson and O'Mara (1991) project that approximately 50% of the workforce will be comprised of women by the year 2000. Wives came to the rescue of the family in the 1970s and 1980s. Even though male earnings dropped substantially for all but the top 20% of male workers, real household incomes fell only marginally for the bottom 60%, and increased for the top 40%. One third of this increase was a result of a rise in female real annual earnings; however, two-thirds was due to women working more hours per year. Unfortunately, most income earners in the family are now working as many hours as they can. The reentrance of women into the workforce occurred during the transition from the industrial to the information age.
Women like Michelle Obama or Oprah Winfrey are examples of females that change history. They are well-known strong, wealthy, female bosses. Unfortunately, advertisements dont always depict the real image of women. Advertisements are everywhere around us, there are in our everyday lives. We see them on newspapers, TVs, billboards, and even on the side of the bus. Advertisements began in the early 19th century and is used daily now. Business uses them to promote merchandise and to connect with society More specifically, women in advertisement are being misinterpreted and that creates gender roles. As the world continues to grow the perspective of women change. I strongly believe that women are represented in a negative way in advertisements because it does not show the true portrayal of women in society. We live in a society where everything is predetermined for us, and where changes are hard to accept. Media plays a huge factor in creating the social norms. People in society should recognize how advertisements are portraying females.
Kids represent an important demographic for marketers as they can use their persuasive power to influence their parents. As a result, the toy industry will ultimately spend a lot of money in advertisement to attract this part of the population who understand at a very young age the type of behavior expected based on their gender. Knowing that, toy manufacturers will market gender-specific toys towards boys and girls. Doll advertisements will ultimately targets girls who are portrayed as mothers caring for her child and doing house chores etc. The setting will be pink and sometimes purple suggesting that girls should wear feminine colors. The setting will be different for an advertisement targeting boys. Toys for boys will inspire strength, power and dominance. These gender stereotypes set boundaries and can negatively impact both female and male’s life. It can affect women's career choices, their finances as much as life in general. Society has defined gender role and behavior and male and female are supposed to fit within their gender category. The TV ad Baby Born Potty and High Chair suggests that little girls should embrace motherhood. Furthermore, the ad also perpetuates the stereotype that girls mostly wear pink and dolls are designed for girls.