Generate Karyotypes

Meiosis results in four daughter cells (gametes) which have half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. They are therefore called haploid cell

51) What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection? phagocytosis of foreign materials

4)++ As shown in the following figure, plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because

In my previous experiences and conversations with various individuals, the overall interpretation or misconception of bipolar disease is that the person is “”crazy. What do people really consider or mean by the term crazy? As displayed by Team B’s behavior presentation, Bipolar disorder

In biology, we learn a lot of information that we can use later on in life, no matter what field of study we go into. During this course, we learned about biochemistry, metabolic processes, homeostasis, molecular genetics and population dynamics. Throughout the learning process, we’ve had many questions or INTUS, which we use to expand our knowledge later on and determine the answers to those specific questions. The point of this assignment is to relate questions that we have developed on our particular topic we chose; to these five units we studied in biology.

Exercise 3B is a study of meiosis. You will simulate the stages of meiosis by using chromosome models. You will study the crossing over and

The function of these and the responsibility is for transmitting inherited characteristics during reproduction and growth of the cell. The function of a chromosomes is that they copy the DNA are they scattered them where they need to go. We have 23 pairs of chromosomes in our body but they are together as pair but really we have 46

a doctor around the hospital will order a special blood test called a karyotype. This test counts the number of chromosomes, this test can also identify any that are abnormally shaped or have some missing pieces.

Genetics is the study of heredity genes, and traits. Like how our parents' traits and genes are passed down to us. Chromosomes are the huge chunk of genes that wrapped around the proteins. Humans are supposed to have the total of 46 chromosomes. Females have XX chromosomes and males have XY chromosomes. Chromosomes are passed down to offspring, as well as, genes. Also, Genes are strands of DNA; they are like the instructions manuals for our body. Genes are the one that code for the traits. Dominant and recessive traits are the two types of traits are that passed down to the offspring. Usually the offspring show the dominant traits since this trait is a lot stronger than recessive traits. There is a less chance that the offspring will show the recessive traits. Since the recessive traits can only appear if the dominant traits are absent.

In meiosis the pairs of chromosomes (that code for possible outcomes of characteristics) temporarily join and exchange information (crossing over) creating different combinations of gene types (alleles). For example; a pair of chromosomes could be a dominant allele (gene type) and a recessive allele which might code for brown hair. After crossing over it might be recessive which could be blond hair.

At least 20 metaphases were analyzed whenever possible. Clonal abnormalities were defined as two or more cells with the same chromosomal gain or structural rearrangement or at least three cells with the same chromosome deletion. Karyotypes were recorded according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) 2013.14

Chromatin- a collection of separate structures called Chromosomes. Within the nucleus the DNA is organized along with proteins into Chromatin. During Mitosis, the chromosomes condense into what is known as Chromosomes, which allows the genetic information of the previous cell to be passed on.

Chromosome – rod-shaped body in the nucleus of eukaryotes and prokaryotes that contains the hereditary units or genes seen particularly during cell division

Chromosomes contain the genetic information that must be passed to each new generation of cells. Chromosomes are what you pass on to your children to make them who they are, it’s the DNA of a cell.

The main focus of this lab was to be able to understand the different phases of mitosis and the cell cycle and also identify what those stages may look like. Mitosis is the process in which concerns the production of new cells. For example, when apoptosis(cell death) the process of Mitosis begins to replace the dead cells. To be able to familiarize ourselves with this concept, we took a sample of an onion root and had it put through a process to be able to look at the different phases under the microscope. We found that the majority of the cells were mostly undergoing Interphase or Prophase which are the phases in charge of crossing over of DNA and where the chromosomes then become visible and the nuclear envelope dissipates. The conclusion of this lab was that Mitosis is essential for the production of new cells. In the case of the onion root sample, the cells were damaged leading to the tester to undergo Mitotic cell division and it was found that mainly Interphase and Prophase were the stages that occurred in this lab.