Genetic Engineering Of Maize : Essay

A GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) is a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species is extracted, then artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. The foreign genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. Example: The transgenic potato plants that have

Genetic engineering is the alteration of an organism’s genotype using recombinant DNA technology to modify an organism’s DNA to achieve desirable traits. (OpenStax 459). The main purpose however of genetic engineering is to deepen the understanding of how genetics works, as well as how it can be applied to the rest of the world. For example growing body parts on mice, or make crops resistant to pesticides, help them grow faster, make them produce faster and much more. The process of genetic engineering according to FAO Corporate Document Repository occurs in 9 steps:

What is a GMO? GMO stands for genetically modified organism. This is a process in a laboratory where genes are taken from one species and artificially put into another, usually an unrelated species genes. This is done through what is called genetic engineering or GE. Crops can be genetically engineered to withstand applications of herbicide and insecticide. Some crops are even modified to produce insecticide. “Genetic engineers seek plant resistance to the effects wrought by weeds, insect pests, plant diseases, droughts, and floods. One of the most common examples of GM crops is Bt corn, or

The steps of genetic modification are proving that genetic engineering is not an extension of natural breeding. Some people argue that, it is unnatural for particular combinations of genes would occur in the environment and the way it is inserted into the host organism would never happen. For instance, in Bt corn and other Bt type of crops, the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis is inserted into the genome of the crop making it contain the insect virus.

Genetic engineering and transformation is the “modification of an organism's original genetic composition by artificial means”(Genetic Engineering 2016). Genetic engineering and transformation involves the swapping of traits and genes between organisms to create a genetically modified organism or GMO. Genetic engineering has it’s advantages which include the prevention of disease by isolation of the gene that causes the disease, being able to take the “desirable traits” of one organism and implanting them into another, and genetic engineering can increase diversity in plants and animals by creating alleles that can be given to different species of organisms according to the Asia-Pacific Economics Blog (Apecsec.org 2014). Unfortunately, genetic

A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is an organism that has been genetically modified with the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. This process is called genetic engineering, or modification. (Smith J.) The process must be done in a laboratory because the natural barriers organisms have to protect themselves from foreign DNA. In order to fight these natural barriers genetic modifiers have various methods to insure the organism becomes modified. These methods include; Using viruses or bacteria to infect animal or plant cells with the new DNA, Coating DNA onto tiny metal pellets, and firing it with a special gun into the cells, Injecting the new DNA into fertilized eggs with a very fine needle, Using electric

Genetic engineering is a process used to modify genes and transfer DNA fragments from one organism to another. The aim of this process is to add new traits to an organism or to prevent genetic disorders . Once the desired trait has been established, an organism must be obtained in which it naturally occurs. The DNA is then extracted and the chosen gene is located and copied using gene cloning .

Genetic engineering is a term that applies to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes. Genetic engineering is different from traditional breeding, where the organism's genes are manipulated indirectly. Genetic engineering uses the techniques of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the structure and characteristics of genes directly. Genetic engineering techniques have found some successes in numerous applications.

Genetic engineering is the process whereby new DNA is added or existing DNA is altered in an organism 's genome. This may involve changing one base pair (A-T or C-G) or deleting entire sections of DNA or adding additional copies of a gene. This results in creating new traits that were not previously present in the organism’s genome. This is done to selectively breed desired traits or to create plants with increased resistance to pesticides and increased tolerance to herbicides. For example insulin is a protein that regulates sugar content in our blood and is produced normally in the pancreas. Genetic engineering is used to produce a form of insulin that is similar to yeast and bacterial cells. This genetically engineered insulin is called

Genetic Engineering is the process of manipulating the genome of an organism such as bacteria, insulin, brown rice and etc using biotechnology. Genetic Engineering is developed to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the first GMO commercialized product available to the public. In the 21st century, Genetic Engineering is affecting people across the world since most products such as corn, rice, insulin, and animal are genetically modified to produce in larger quantities in a

The genetically modified organism (GMOS) refers to the production of a crop or an animal whose genetic constitution has been altered by use of the biotechnology to favor the development of the physiological characteristics, which facilitates the production of the desired yields (Beyer et al. 2002). The creation of the genetically modified organisms includes the utilization of the logical techniques such as conceptive cloning and the recombinant DNA innovation.

What is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the process of directly manipulating an organism’s genes or DNA in order to change its characteristics. Over the years, genetic engineering and modification has been trialled on many different things, (CHANGE SLIDE)

Genetic Engineering is all about genes, which are made of DNA; the chemical inside the nucleus of a cell that carries the genetic instructions for making living organisms. It is a very broad term that covers a range of techniques that allow for the artificial addition, deletion or rearrangement of sequences of bases in DNA in order to alter the observable form and function of an organism. (Science Group, 2014). Genetic Engineering was first discovered in the 1970s when scientist discovered how to move pieces of genetic material from one species to another. It has since had questions raised regarding its continuous scientific advancements; showing uncertainty in how this kind of biotechnology will affect human, animal and plant life in the

Instead of transferring large blocks of genes from donor plant to recipient, small isolated blocks of genes are put into the plant chromosome through biolistics, vectors, or protoplast transformation (Horsch 1993). Biolistics is a technique that shoots the gene block into the potential host cell. In order for the process to succeed, the microscopic particles and DNA must enter the cell nuclei and combine with the plant chromosome. Biolistics is commonly used but has a slight failure risk since the breeder has little control over the destination of the gene block (Mooney & Bernardi 1990). Bacteria or viruses can also carry the gene blocks into a new cell. Common vectors in gene transfer between plants are Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In the soil, the bacteria will infect the plants with their own plasmid, transferring the desired gene that was placed in the bacteria's DNA. Vector gene transfer is a preferred method of transformation since this modification already occurs naturally in the environment (Rudolph & McIntire 1996). Last is protoplast transformation, which uses enzymes to dissolve the cellulose in the plant wall that leaves a protoplast. Once a specific gene block is added to the protoplast, the cell wall will re-grow into a transgenic plant.

Genetic engineering is the changing of an organism’s DNA, genetic material to eliminate unwanted traits or to produce desirable traits. The earliest form of genetic engineering dates back to the scientist Gregor Mendel who did experiments with peas. He bred only the peas with the most desirable traits in order to achieve a healthier and stronger pea (McCuen 8). This method, called selective breeding, is still used today with plants and animals in order to increase food production. Corn plants are selectively bred in order to produce a larger tastier kernel. Another type of genetic engineering called hybridization or crossbreeding involves breeding animals of different species in order to obtain the most desirable traits of both.