Genetic Markers Don 't Always Match Physical Appearance

Genetic testing identifies changes in ones genes and chromosomes. These changes often lead to diagnoses of conditions, disorders, or diseases. Through testing, “one can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or

Genetic markers don’t always match physical appearance. First of all, a genetic marker is a gene or short sequence of DNA. Since the beginning of time our genetics have been changing constantly due to a lot of different aspects. Some causes of change include aging. As we get older our bodies chemicals change, we produce more and less of certain chemicals, for example; insulin. The changing of chemicals affect our body not just on the outside, but on the inside. It affects the way our genetic markers respond and can alter them. Some diseases are caused by a genetic mutation, or permanent change in one or more specific genes which can be caused by aging.

Mutations are errors that occur in DNA replication. A deletion mutation takes place when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during the replication of DNA. It can be a single nucleotide or even an entire chromosome. The deletion creates a frameshift in the sequence, which causes dramatic changes down the line. The loss of this DNA during replication can lead to a genetic disease such as William’s Syndrome.

A mutation is when the structure of a gene is changed. It is caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes. There are two types of mutations:

Many people always wonder why they got a certain disease. Like cancer, Parkinson's, Huntington’s, etc. People can take genetic testing to see the possible risks and exactly how they got this. Everyone always wonder what what genetic testing is and how this works, there are three categories to the testing. First, tests performed to find genetic circumstances that will lead to future

Although technically independent of one another, like genetics, epigenetics can be greatly influenced and altered by external factors such as ones environment. For example, one study looked at the importance of nutrition in early life and its effects on the epigenome. Using families involved in the Dutch Hunger Winter and the Great Leap Forward in China, the study found that children exposed to famine in utero had DNA methylation changes in genes associated with birth weight and low-density lipoprotein. When followed up, years later, with a study of nutritional deprivation in mice, data showed that epigenetic changes not only affected the babies in utero, but also affected the next generation of mice.

Epigenetics is a field of study concerning genetic modifications due to changes in gene expression, rather than changes in the gene itself. There are countless epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression, such as DNA Methylation or Gene Silencing, and all of these changes, if they occur in the germline, are preserved through DNA multiplication, and thus will be passed on to progeny. Moreover, these alterations can also take place in the somatic cells of the body and still be passed on to the next generation, through an interrelated alteration that takes place in the germline cells. It is this observation that has baffled scientists for generations, as it is an idea that truly lies at the heart of the “nature vs. nurture” argument.

Genetic mutations can cause changes to the body, and sometimes causes the individual to appear demented to others. People with genetic mutations and diseases may have the genes XXY , YYX, X. Some mutations allow the person who has the mutation immune to certain illnesses.

Genetics plays an important role in determine a person's health, whether it is physical or mental. Most of the diseases and bad cells are usually passed down from the generation above.When we see a person who is behaving abnormally, we usually think that it is caused because of

Genetic Mutations Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence where parts of the genetic code are either

Mutations can occur due to different factors. Germ-line mutations are inherited from your parents, while other mutations can happen in your lifetime.“When a gene's instructions for making protein changes it can cause the protein to malfunction or miss out entirely.” Little changes can affect an individual's DNA sequence and even chromosomes. Although genetic mutations may be unavoidable

Such things (include?)like the histone modification or methylation of DNA. Some sources debate that ‘epigenetics’ refers to all environmental factors which cause the alterations to occur. Things like the smoke from cigarettes, the food that you eat, the environment inside the placenta, you amount of sleep you get, and your exercising habits[3]. As epigenetics becomes more prominent in science, the debate evolves and the definition changes. Scientists are considering the effects of these epigenetic modifications as well as what creates the modifications.

A mutation can simply be put as abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination. A gene mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. Mutations range in size from a single DNA building block (DNA base) to a large segment of a chromosome. Gene mutations occur in two ways: they can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a person's lifetime. Mutations that are passed from parent to child are called hereditary mutations or germ line mutations (because they are present in the egg and sperm cells, which are also called germ cells). This type of mutation is present throughout a person's life in virtually every cell in the body. Mutations that occur only in an egg or sperm

Have you ever been told you have your dad’s eyes, or your mum’s nose? Well this is because of genes. Your genes are part of what makes you the person you are. You are different from everyone alive now and everyone who has ever lived. “A gene is a hereditary unit consisting of DNA that occupies a spot on a chromosome and determines a characteristic in an organism. (Introduction to Genetics, 2016). Genes are passed on from parent to child, which then play an important role in deciphering your child’s looks and behaviour. Unfortunately, some of the genes shared between parents in an offspring are altered in such a way that they create what is called a gene mutation. “Gene mutations affect a single gene by changing its base sequence, resulting in an incorrect, or nonfunctional, protein being made.” (reference textbook). Gene mutations are often so subtle that they go by unnoticed as they have no physical distinction, but there are some gene mutations that have terminal effects. Everyone has a choice whether or not they’d like themselves or their children to be tested for gene mutations such as these. The conduction of these tests is known as gene testing. “Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person 's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.” (Reference, G, 2016).

The study of genetics includes not only the study of normal DNA, but also of the mutations within a DNA. A mutation is a slightly distorted gene. These mutations can have an effect on a person, both physically and mentally. Although genetics may seem to be just about the genes, scientists are beginning to see a connection between gender and genetic mutations.