Globalizatio Foer Chapter Summary

In Middle Aged England, Jews had come to England following the Battle of Hastings and the Norman conquest of 1066, but were heavily oppressed and targeted by the Christian society. Jews were constantly victimized for their practices and beliefs . They were isolated from everyone else, only allowed to have certain jobs, publicly shamed, discriminated against, dehumanized for their religion, and eventually exiled for four-hundred years from England. Since the majority of the society was Christian they harbored a passionate hatred for anyone who practiced Judaism. Anti-Semitism was rampant in England around the Middle Ages.

- Globalization is a process of increasing integration and the result of economic, cultural and political interdependence among countries. Globalization has been a controversial debate, since this phenomenon has affected the world in several ways. Consequently, there are plenty of economic, cultural and political arguments in favor of and against it. Some arguments in favor of globalization are that it promotes democracy, creates jobs (by dividing labor around the world), promotes knowledge and an interconnected world, and makes the world “borderless.” On the other hand, globalization is evil because transnational corporations exploit workers abroad, countries lose their own identities, promotes consumerism, destroys the environment and, most importantly, instead of improving a country’s society and economy, it actually creates more poverty.

The world is not a large and strange place anymore. The world is a place that is interconnected and intertwined. The world has become from a place that each country and their peoples are separate and isolated to a place that each country and their peoples are part of a global network. Thanks to globalization this is occurring. Globalization is the ‘international integration” or ‘de-bordering’ – “a number of highly disparate observations whose regular common denominator is the determination of a profound transformation of the traditional nation-state” (Von Bogdandy 2). Globalization is connecting different people from different cultures and backgrounds together. More and more corporations are entering new foreign markets to sell their

Globalization is a process of world’s both transitional and transcultural integration (Al-Rodhan). Globalization implies the formation of a single (universal) global economic, cultural, legal and information space. In other words, the globalization movement goes beyond the purely economic framework, and also has a significant impact on all major areas of public life - politics, ideology and culture. It will no doubt play a decisive role in the global economy in the 21 century setting a powerful impetus to the formation of a new system of international economic and political relations.

Globalization is a term that has become very popular in recent times. It is a concept with many differing definitions. Thomas L. Friedman, author of The Lexus and the Olive Tree, describes globalization as a movement that enables individuals, corporations, and countries to reach around the globe farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before. Globalization is the spread of free market capitalism to virtually every country in the world. Countries are encouraged to allow free trade, privatization and competition. Basically, it involves worldwide integration of both economic and political ideals. Globalization is becoming more popular and more accessible mainly because of the recent advancements in technology. Many believe it to be a

Globalization is not a new idea at all. Many intellectuals including most social scientists agree of its deep origin by referring to it as a “phenomenon of long term historical process…” ⁶

The Jews had their roots in Eastern Europe but were also scattered in western European countries such as England. The Jewish population has been historically scapegoated since the time of the medieval Church. Stereotypes have been formed of the people practicing this religion for hundreds of years in England and elsewhere on the Continent. The timeline shows the progression of the population in England and the strides they have made over a century.

Globalization defined is the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Globalization itself has been around for ages. In ancient times, the Greeks and Romans would import salt and spices while exporting musical instruments and art to the eastern part of the world. It has helped shape the society we currently live in. Globalization also plays a part in influencing change in cultures, lifestyles and values. From afar, globalization would seem to have a heavily positive effect on the world we live in today, but not everything is what it seems. Indeed, the concept of globalization raises many

In the past few decades globalization has been rapidly intensifying, as nation states are being more and more interdependent towards one another culturally, politically and socially, the world has almost become a single network of complex relations between states. Although the definition of Globalization has varied and changed over the years and amongst theorist and scholars, globalization is nothing new, it has occurred since the dawn of time, rather its rate has intensified rapidly due to the advancement of technology. While Martin wolf interprets globalization as a “…journey, but toward an unreachable destination, the globalized world. A globalized economy in which neither distance nor national borders impede economic transactions. A world where the costs of transport and communication were zero and the barriers created by differing national jurisdictions had vanished” (Wolf, 2001: 178). An illustration of Wolfs summary for globalization could be interpreted through the European Union, in which assoicated states agree on the collective notion of democratic values and standards, its single currency Euro and its barrier free immigration policies make up the very essence of what Wolf is implying Globalization as. On the other hand, State Sovereignty is valued through the three fundamental ideas, ‘’absolute supremacy over internal affairs within its territory, absolute right to govern its people, and freedom from any external interference in the above matters” (Wang, 2004:

Even though the concept of globalization is complex, it is no longer deniable that we live in a globalized world. Thanks to the new technologies of communication, we are well informed about our closest and farthest neighbors across the entire world. Our nations and, indirectly we, the citizens, are all impacted by international matters and our nation’s foreign policy choices. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It’s a fast integration and association of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. The concept of globalization is evident in the many difficult challenges that come with it, involving our cultural differences, and the regulating challenge of globalizations. The phenomenon of globalization has affected many cultures around the world, resulting in the Americanization of other nations.

Scholte briefly examines six differing theoretical approaches to explaining globalization – what are they? What is the central theme of each?

topic. Scholarly written scriptures on globalization have vigorously increased, the topic has been discussed, criticized, analysed and evaluated strongly in the past 20 years. The concept of globalization is a much contested matter and there has been a lot of academic research that has been written on its rationality. Over the past few decades, global exchanges have increased substantially, leading to the interchange of economies, political alliances and societies. In its purest form, Globalization according to Wells et.al (2001) is a term usually used to describe intercontinental economic, social and political; integration. There is a similar description given by Shariff (2003) who terms it as being ‘characterized by the integration of financial and labour markets via trade, foreign investment and capital transfers’. The current stage of globalization is said to be divided in to many subdivisions; economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental (Black, 1998) Passaris, (2002) adds that all these aspects are essential to create a working globalised world. The concept of globalization is not considered a new ‘phenomenon’ as it was previously thought as by some of the early economists like Maddison (2001) and Williamson (2003). Instead Steger (2010) states the notion has been around for many decades going back to the 1800s, rooting from the ideas of ‘German radicals’ Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Manuel Castells (1996) writes when describing the emergence of

Globalization is the process through which events and decisions in one part of the world have come to affect people in another part of the world and therefore have led to greater inter-locking of different parts of the world. It has often been claimed that globalization poses challenges about the validity of the concept of the nation-state. Some believe that because of liberalization and globalization, the need of nation-state or the concept of sovereignty within the nation- state has diminished. I strongly disagree with this statement and therefore will like to prove my point in the upcoming paragraphs.

Globalization is currently a very hot topic and many people have an awful lot to say about the matter, creating different theories and points of view. A definition of globalization could be, ‘The straightforward exchange between core and peripheral areas based upon a broad division of labour, is being transformed into a highly complex, kaleidoscopic structure involving the fragmentation of many production processes and their geographical relocation on a global scale in ways which slice through national boundaries.’ (Dicken ’98).

Globalization is a major issue in our world today. But it can be seen through many different perspectives, some see it as a negative thing, but some people also see the positives within it and some people have mixed views. Globalization is the spreading of different views, this can political views, social views, and economic views being spread throughout the world where it once wasn’t present. Globalization shapes the way people live and what they do on a day to day basis, or what’s going on around them like technological advancement. Globalization affects everyone, what we do, what we eat all shapes our individual and collective identities.