Globalization Nation-State

Sovereignty is defined as a nation or state's supreme power within its borders. A government might respond, for example, to criticism from foreign governments of its treatment of its own citizens by citing its rights of sovereignty. (Dictionary.com)

Over the course of history, domestic politics have been shaped by international forces. Forces like war and trade; empire and colonies; migration and the spread of ideas. Globalization and Neoliberalism plays an important role in impacting politics in all states. “Globalization is a system in which human beings are no longer part of isolated communities that are linked through narrow channels of diplomatic relations of trade”(O’Neil,2017, pg.346). Globalization creates a division between international relations and domestic politics. When globalization makes a distinction, then the aspects of domestic politics are controlled by global forces. Globalization changes the  institutions of economics, politics, and society. The institutions are measure by space and time of social norms, culture, boundaries. The boundaries create a local identity and control (particularly-“state, religion, or set of cultural values holds sway over the land and here but not there.”)(O’Neil, 2015, pg.348).  Furthermore, political isolation becomes impossible to happen.

Globalization is a concept that we have heard for years, but is not until recent years that we had studied and analyzed the benefits and issues of this international term. During years, it has been discussed the implications that globalization has had in some countries, more or less of them in a decent way and some of them in a corrupted way. Since young, political figures have taught about the role of the United States in the world and how they promote the expression freedom and success around the globe. As the reading from “Globalization and Empire says; and quote: “Empires have had the greatest influence in determining the nature of the forces of globalization, they are the chief globalizers of the world. Throughout history it is clear that empires were the principle forces that determined the nature of integration of different societies in the world.”(Peter Iadicola, p.4). Being United States the first world superpower, it has some failures based on the documentary of John Pilger, where he demonstrates that because of the globalization, most of the U.S. companies are profiting from those wretched areas or countries where the workforce is at low-cost. This bring out a simple questions, is that the example leaders want to demonstrate? Hiding things that are happening around the world? The New Rulers of the World Documentary are presented to us that the globalization has marked on a vast scale the difference between the rich and the poor. They are controlling even what the

With its widespread of benefits, is globalization really a threat to social stability? Has it advanced so far “that national governments are essentially powerless to regulate their economies and use their policy tools to further social ends?” Although globalization and the welfare state often diverge from another, globalization has not eroded national sovereignty and capacity nearly as much as previously thought by skeptics of globalization. National governments, particularly in the developed world, still “retain substantial autonomy in regulating their economies, in designing their social policies, and in maintaining institutions that differ from their trading partners.” Globalization is what states make of it. Although governments have made some concessions in recent years to accommodate the globalizing

But the appearance of the concept is still delayed until the community and its government, society and state, remaining necessarily distinct in some respects, have integrated to a certain extent in others. It is only when the community responds to the state and the state responds to the community in which it rules that the discussion of political power can take place in terms of sovereignty" (1986:21). The importance of what Hinsley said lies in the fact that sovereignty cannot exists without a state and will not be found in societies in which there is no state structure. Sovereignty is a political idea, a form of legitimation, a way of thinking about power and rule (Hinsley 1986:25).

In these two article globalization and the increase of globalism is described in two very different ways. Waltz arguing from a realist’s perspective; that the politics of the state is ultimately affected within globalization. R.O.keohane and J.S.Nye Jr express a liberal opinion, arguing the many different factors that affect the increase in globalism.

As a result globalisation has also undone some important cultural and psychological underpinnings of sovereignty. However, it is imperative to note that the effect of globalisation on different nation states will not be the same, because states differ domestically, historically, politically and socio-culturally. Therefore, states will make different policy choices in response to the same global phenomena (Held 1989, 237).

The increase in economic transactions across the globe raises both the world GDP and development of new industries. This process has a positive impact on globalization and in leading the economies into more profit. Some people have a concern that globalization negatively affects individuals along with the nation's society. Globalization creates economic interdependence which lessens the role and dependence on the national government. With globalization, powers of national government shrink and the governments become less important.

The concept of globalization is a complex and peculiar one, failing to be definable by a single, precise definition. Centrally, globalization involves information and goods being exchanged amongst different countries. These interactions and interchanges among countries globally over time is due to an increase in communication and transport networks. Globalization is often divided into three main areas being economic globalization, cultural globalization and political globalization. All three are vital areas to one’s life and globalization is said to have a large impact on each. Although globalization is controversial in the aspect that it cannot be declared just how much of an influence the notion has in the world. Political scientists such as Muhammad Ijaz Latif, Anton Pelinka and Martin Wolf all discuss this issue in their respective pieces as well as differing aspects of globalization such as the role the European Union plays in relation to globalization, the different perspectives of globalization and the challenges of the nation-state in regards to globalization.

A nation-state is a country that is a cultural entity as well as a political one. A nation is a group of people who share common beliefs, a sense of being one people, patriotism, common goals, unifying institutions, and economic parity. Important parts of a state, and points to judge how strong it is are: freedom from corruption, economic power, military might, and knowledge in the fields of science, mathematics, medicine, and technology. These are all important factors in determining the strength of both the nation and the state; and deciding whether the state or government is legitimate. The states is important for many reasons, especially in governing the people, as well as for foreign policy and economic issues.*1

Sovereignty is a norm of the International system upon which the ‘society of states’ rests. Territorial sovereignty refers specifically to the power of the state ‘the territorial limits within which state authority may be exercised on an exclusive basis.’ This essay will explore the concept and development of sovereignty within the system of states. Firstly, it will identify the state system before the ‘Peace of Westphalia’ in 1648, then it will compare the ever changing forms of sovereignty since, and the reasons for change, which have established the modern form of sovereignty which exists today.

There are many ways to look at and understand modern globalization. In general terms, globalization means that the world, as a whole, is leading to a more utopian society, meaning that the globe is become very interconnected and similarities are growing between different regions and cultures of the world. Globalization is a phenomenon that has been evolving since before 10,000 B.C. This constant evolution can cause many problems, but it can also solve many issues positively as well. Development of any country, however, seems to be a key issue when discussing globalization. Globalization and development present two different factors in the world today. Many countries are lacking in their own development while the world around them is becoming more developed and globalized. Globalization hinders development because with globalization, less developed countries depend on more developed countries to help them to sustainability and self-reliance.

Discuss the proposition that globalisation and European integration have eroded the sovereignty of the nation state in Europe

Globalization is essentially creating an international super power that transcends state borders possessing hegemony on moral and political principles with a self-legitimised right to enforce them. Defenders of globalization suggest the international community is one of shared and defended values. However, these values are presented by the West, who misuse this influence to intervene without justification.

Globalization is a major issue in our world today. But it can be seen through many different perspectives, some see it as a negative thing, but some people also see the positives within it and some people have mixed views. Globalization is the spreading of different views, this can political views, social views, and economic views being spread throughout the world where it once wasn’t present. Globalization shapes the way people live and what they do on a day to day basis, or what’s going on around them like technological advancement. Globalization affects everyone, what we do, what we eat all shapes our individual and collective identities.