Introduction
Globalization
Globalization, as defined by The Levin Institute of The State University of New York, “is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations.”
Globalization is a centuries old practice, affecting production as well as consumption, and is driven by investment and trade and supported by information technology. Over time, globalization has also become a political issue. Today many governments have adopted free-market economic systems, negotiated for reductions in trade barriers, and have established world-wide agreements to promote trade in goods, services, and investment (Levin Institute). In recent history, globalization has expanded rapidly due to
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In a competitive market no single producer and no single consumer has control over how the market operates. No single producer or consumer can determine the price of goods and services nor how much will be exchanged. The world's cotton market is one such interdependent competitive market.
World’s total cotton production
As reported by the United States Department of Agriculture as shown in Table 1 in Appendix A, the world's total cotton production was 126.6 million four-hundred eighty pound bales from August 2011 to August 2012. The world's total production dropped to 123.1 million bales in August 2012 to August 2013. The three world's largest cotton producing countries in 2011/2012 were China, India, and the United States producing 34 million, 29 million, and 15.5 million pound bales, respectively. In 2012/2013, China's production increased to 35 million bales, India's production decreased to 28.5 million bales, and the United States' production increased to 17.3 million bales. These three countries produce approximately 65% of the world's total cotton supply.
World’s total cotton consumption
The world's total cotton consumption in 2011/2012 was 103 million bales and rose to 107.1 million in 2012/2013. The world's largest cotton consuming countries in 2011/2012 were China, India, and Pakistan consuming 38 million, 19.7 million, and 10 million bales, respectively. In 2012/2013, China's consumption decreased to 36 million bales,
During the time of the Civil War, there were slaves working on farmers, these slaves were not compensated for their labor and services and were producing cotton for a little to nothing cost. Since the Civil War, America has produced an immense amount of cotton and would export it to different parts of the world. America has also had enough workers to meet the exact supply and demand, which follows the demand policy. Correspondingly, the manifest destiny caused for cotton growers further west. Due to the cotton growers going further out west, cotton became easier to grow and easier to protect. These technological advancements simplified the process by which people were able to grow cotton and export it to China for the workers to create these shirts. There are now many subsidiary industries to cotton; industries are always producing new clothes every day. Due to this
Documents 1, 2, and 7, are charts that shows the production of cotton yarn and cloth throughout the years along with women labor. From 1884-1914 in India, hand spun yarn decreased from 150 to 90 millions of pounds. Machine spun yarn increased from 151 to 652 millions of pounds (document 1). Unlike the hand spun yarn in India the hand spun cloth increased as well as the machine spun cloth, but the hand spun
“Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world” (The State University of New York, 2014, para 1).
Cotton production began before the early 1800’s but was at a small scale along with rice and tobacco (Goldfield 2007). It wasn’t until the early 1800’sthat cottons production would increase. Cotton became the sole source of income for the whites in the South. There was no other farming except cotton during this time. Since Cotton was the largest produced commodity it was easy to see how cotton became king. Cotton was a global leading resource using black slaves for their production. In the Lower South the soil was excellent for growing cotton. When it was realized just how well cotton grew they expanded the lands to grow cotton which meant there was a higher demand for more slaves. The maintenance of the cotton was going to require
In the 18th century, all the land used to farm tobacco was nearly exhausted and the South faced an economic crisis. But, as the textile industry in England grew, so did the need for American cotton. Cotton is a crop generally grown in the Southern states, due to the climate and land being perfect for growing cotton. However, it was hard to produce because it was difficult to remove the seeds from the cotton by hand. Until, that is, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.
Nelson Reinsch 1,000 acres can produce about 500,000 pounds of cotton lint if it is fully planted, which is enough for about 1.3 million T-shirts. Him ending his life in the same occupation that he began with makes a clear statement about the U.S. cotton industry. For over 200 years, The U.S. has been the certain leader of the global cotton industry. Poor countries have a very small chance to catch up with all the challenges they face. The U.S. has dominantly occupied first place in cotton production, cotton exports, farm size, and yields per acre.
The cotton became a welcome commodity in Domestic and International Markets due to its low maintenance for storage and transportation. Planters in the South took advantage of their Plantations due to the soil, climate, and legal system of slavery. Cotton production became highly profitable for the Planters. The free population of the South along with the North experienced an economic transformation during 1840. Phalen writes for the next two decades, to 1860, the rate of growth of per capita
It rarely surprised me that there are also exiting some undesirable cotton in china. But in fact, it is no scientific basis
The rapid gain in wealth in the U.S was from the constant supply of cheap and high-quality cotton. Cotton encompassed a total of 50-60% of the nation’s exports which in turn provided raw cotton for England’s textile mills. This ability to produce lots of high-quality cotton was due to their use free labor. Up until 1850 when it started to decline along with the use of slavery the cotton was the most important export. The U.S was eventually exporting 4.9 million bales annually, up until the civil war. Farmers in the South that sold raw materials had to go through the Northern middlemen, as they had a monopoly on
After sugar, rice, and tobacco, cotton was one of the most profitable cash crops in the South. The cotton also made the South a major player in the world trade, and Great Britain was the most valued foreign trading partner to the Southerners. The growing textile industries in the United States bought tons of cotton from the South. The cotton business or trade expand the slave trade and land owners bought African slaves to work on their plantation. Slaves work on the different plantation growing rice, tobacco, corn, sugar, and cotton. Slavery became such a powerful engine of the economic development in the South. Slaves grow cotton with hard labor, which America's shipping industries and financial economy depend on at the time.
As World War II began to come to an end, the United States cotton industry started to become more anxious about what the future would entail for them. With scientific and technological advances on the rise, it would allow more logical and systematic farming and with that, came the increase of productivity at a much more rapid pace. These changes led the U.S. cotton industry to anticipate the downfall of world markets while synthetic fibers such as acrylic, nylon, polyester, and spandex gained more popularity. Such developments harbored national implications because not only did the one and a half million growers across the Cotton Belt produce the country’s most significant commercial crop, but cotton farming in general was the southern way
Globalization is difficult to simply define due to the variety of changing definitions that have been established over previous decades. Hamilton and Webster (2012) suggest that globalization is the connection between nations, defining globalization as a process in which barriers are reduced in order to encourage exchanges between countries. This view proposes that globalization refers very much so to the trade barriers and the improved communications between countries in order to ensure the world is unified. Globalization increases economic activity across the world and opens up markets for foreign investment.
The evolutionary history of cotton played an important role in the heritage of the British Empire, the United States(U.S.), and India. Cotton continues to be an important crop and commodity throughout society. The history of Cotton is one of the most important factors to our society currently. Cotton cultivation dates back over 7,000 years, seeds of cotton are found all over the world. Cotton is hugely important throughout the world, making cotton useful to make a number of textile products. Since cotton is used and produced on such a widespread industry, cotton’s largest producers are China and India. However; the largest exporters of raw cotton are the United States and Africa. The advancement in cotton textile industries, and the worldwide vast cultivation of the crop is the product of human demand towards the farming, production, and export of cotton.
Cotton is essential to humans in everyday life. There are many cotton plants that produce cotton but 95% of America’s cotton comes from the Gossypium hirsutum. The main substance of the plant is the flower, which is the cotton. The flower also contain seeds which are used extensively for many other products.
Sugarcane is grown in about 102 countries in the world and India occupies the first rank from the point of area-followed by Brazil and Cuba. Andhra Pradesh occupies the fifth place with regard to cane area and cane production in