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Goals 2000: Educate America Act

Decent Essays

On March 31, 1994, President Bill Clinton enacted the Goals 2000: Educate America Act. The purpose of this bill was to ensure that as a nation, we obtained eight National Education Goals. One of these goals was that by the year 2000, the Nation’s teaching force will have access to programs for the continued improvement of their professional skills and the opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills needed to instruct and prepare all American students for the next century ("The History of Goals 2000 (HSLDA | National Center Special Report)"). Fifteen years after President Clinton enacted his educational act, President Barack Obama, our nation’s 44th president, introduced his “Educate to Innovate” Campaign. During President Obama administration, …show more content…

Unfortunately, thorough research on the impact of professional development on student achievement is limited because it is challenging, complex and expensive to study. Nonetheless, Hoaglund, Birkenfeld, and Box, (2015), conducted a study that illustrated that learning communities are viable tools for providing professional development to both pre-service teachers and current teachers. Their study showed how a group of pre-service teachers and their supervisors participated in a professional experience learning community for two terms prior to the pre-service teacher’s junior year at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama. Questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The results of the study indicated that all participants valued the experience and consequently were able to gain and identify some benefits of a professional learning community (PLC). Participants specifically reported a greater appreciation of collaboration with more experienced educators as a practical way of solving issues and implementing processes and procedures for increasing student achievement. The activities incorporated within the …show more content…

By “reviewing literature on professional development standards, observing professional development sessions, and comparing observations to professional development standards”, the author concluded that the majority of the teachers observed, participated in activities that aligned with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards. Weaknesses noted by Hill (2004), included infrequent opportunities for teachers to reflect, practice, and return for feedback. The teachers also lack the opportunity for professional developers to model effective or relevant teaching strategies. Hill (2004) concluded that if effective professional development was to be the outcome, then higher ranking educational professionals and policy makers should designed activities that measured specific outcomes, such as “teachers’ growth in content knowledge for teaching mathematics, knowledge of students’ mathematical learning, or their use of certain instructional or assessment practices.” Hill (2004) also recommended that policymakers redesign standards to focus more on content rather than

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