Gout Research Paper

Gout is an inflammation disease in which urate crystals deposit into joints resulting in high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricaemia). Urate crystals are deposited in the connective tissues of the body causing gout disorder. Gout affects the first metatarsal joint of the foot where the base of the big toes and this condition makes the person wake up at night feeling like their big toes are on fire and pain is most severe in hours immediately following the attack. Urate crystals are deposited in various other connective tissues causing more inflammation as it progresses. gout can occur due to primary or secondary hyperuricemia and is treatable. Gout occurs must often in men usually after 30 years of age where as women are expected to get after menopause. (Flynn &Johnson, 2005, pp 1447-1448)

Gout is classified as the “buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints… [that occur as a result to] many [of the] foods we eat” (WebMD). These needle-like crystals are what contribute to the sudden pain and swelling of a gout attack. My father’s doctors reported that not only did he have gout, but that if he stayed

After analyzing the three-day food intake, I realized that the healthy diet I thought I have

Gout is a common disease that is composed of a metabolic defect in the breakdown and excretion of uric acid. This excess of uric acid is what causes gouty arthritis. Uric acid crystallizes due to the improper breakdown of

Increased inflammation in joints can lead to swelling, fluid accumulation in the joint and decreased tolerance for walking, sports, stairs, and other activities that stress the joint. As far as treatment is concerned it is usually a combination of different approaches. It includes weight loss, low impact exercise, bracing to support aching joints, occasional pain killers and surgery in advanced cases. It is best for

Gout is a kind of athritis that most common in middle aged men, but is know to effect women usaully after menopause. Gout is caused when your body produces or intakes too much uric acid. High levels of uric acid do not cuase Gout immediately, it’s the crystalzation of the acid that causes the diesse. Gouts symptons are very similar to inflamatory arthritis, causing pain in joints around your body but primarly below the waist. In almost all cases of Gout the effected person feels pain at the base of their big toe. The symptons are described as recurrent attacks of athritis cuasing red, hot, tender and swollen joints. Pain is quick to appear typically taking less than 12 hours to reach its peak, and

easing the stiffness in joints built up from immobility, deformity, atrophy or lack of movement in

The increase of macrophages and fibroblast synoviocytes results in hyperplasia of the lining. Enzymes that destroy and digest the extracellular matrix and articular structures such as metalloproteinase, serine proteases, and aggrecanase will be present in the joints. According to the American rheumatism association there are criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis, these are as follows: 1) morning stiffness in and around joints lasting at least 1 hour before maximal improvement; 2) soft tissue swelling (arthritis) of 3 or more joint areas observed by a physician; 3) swelling (arthritis) of the proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, or wrist joints; 4) symmetric swelling (arthritis); 5) rheumatoid nodules; 6) the presence of rheumatoid factor; and 7) radiographic erosions and/or periarticular osteopenia in hand and/or wrist joints (Arnett et al. 1988). As for treatment there is no cure but only reduction of symptoms. Analgesic drugs reduce pain, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) lessen pain and

Intense joint pain, lingering discomfort, inflammation and redness are all classic symptoms of gout (Mayo Clinic, 2011). The Mayo Clinic notes that, “Gout usually affects the large joint of your big toe, but it can occur in your feet, ankles, knees, hands and wrists.” (p. 2). The pain is most intense within the first 12 to 24 hours after a gout attack begins (Center for Disease Control, 2011). To confirm the diagnosis of gout, the patient should have a Joint Fluid Test to determine the presence of urate crystals as well as a blood test to determine the amount of uric acid in the blood (Mayo Clinic,

Because gout and hyperuricemia have now been found to be elements of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, it is also necessary to stress the importance of weight loss and regular exercise where applicable (INSPIRE, 2012)” (p.385). Patient recognizes to prevent further joint damage change is needed. Patient voiced interest in working with professional trainer and provider positively encouraged

The initial flare up of gouty arthritis is usually managed with NSAIDS to control swelling and assist in pain management while long term treatment is determined by the provider in charge of the clients care. Long term treatment options can include corticosteroids (prednisone) taken orally or injected directly into the joint, as well as diet restrictions. Colchicine is usually a last resort given only after initial treatment has failed. Unfortunately, it is also only effective when it is taken within the first 12 hours after the initial symptoms of an attack

Non-pharmaceutical treatments involve educating the patients about their disease condition and help them manage pain by prescribing muscle strengthening and stretching exercises (54). As losing weight can help affected individuals reduce the stress on their weight-bearing joints, they are advised on how to improve their standard of living to lead healthy and active life (53,54). Although non-pharmaceutical approaches are affective in the long run, they do not help alleviate pain immediately and people with OA have restricted mobility. The most used medications for OA are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which include aspirin, ibuprofen, etc. and pain relieving analgesics like acetaminophen (4). Non-invasive surgical options, such as intra-articular injections with corticosteroids, hyluronic acid (HA), have been used to improve joint lubrication. Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections could be beneficial for both knee and hip OA, however, it has been found that HA efficacy is very low(3). Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to alleviate pain (1). All of these drugs have pain-relieving effects, however, the core issue of the constant degeneration of the articular cartilage remains unmodified. In addition, constant

The word ‘gout’ comes from the Latin word ‘gutta’ meaning drop. It is a reference to the belief that it was caused by a drop-by-drop accumulation of humors in the joints. Gout is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in the joints, mostly the joint at the base of the big toe. Anyone can be affected by this complex form of arthritis. It is most likely to affect men, but after menopause, women become more likely. Most of the time, gout will wake you up with a burning sensation that your [big] toe is on fire. It’ll be tender, hot, and swollen. Gout occurs when a surplus of uric acid comes together to form crystals, and causes inflammation- which ultimately results in pain. The crystals are most often found in the joints, and in order

There are many degenerative diseases that occur with a higher frequency in Asian-Indian Americas compared to the general population. One of these is gout. The prevalence of gout in the general population of the U.S. is 1-3% (Fuerst, 2015), whereas prevalence in Indo-Americans is 2-3% (Salgal & Agrawal, 2015). This prevalence is for recent immigrant but rises with acculturation. Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that develops as a result of the accumulation of too much uric acid in your body. It is considered a metabolic disease – either a person’s body makes too much uric acid or they don’t eliminate it properly. When too much accumulates in the blood it then begins to deposit in

Maintaining good and healthy eating habits are very important for gout patients. This is a discipline that gout patients have to instill in order to keep the urine acid at acceptable level and to avoid painful gout attack.