Guidelines Of Formulating Goals And Strategies That Will Reduce Cardiovascular Disease

There are multiple factors that lead to the development cardiovascular disease. While some individuals are born with conditions that predispose them to strokes or heart disease, a majority of people participate in a combination of risk factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. A few of those risk factors include a lack of physical activity, smoking, and poor diet. The more frequently individuals expose themselves to these risk factors the higher their chances of developing cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States among adults. More than one-half of all deaths were caused by heart disease, cancer or

Much of the burden caused by cardiovascular is preventable. Major modifiable risk factors include tobacco smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity, diabetes,

1. Innovation to improve the mortality and morbidity of cardiovascular disease in developing countries may involve new surgical procedures, new implants and pacemakers, coronary artery bypasses, surgical treatments for Atrial fibrillation, repair of congenital heart defects, heart transplants, aortic arteries repair, replacement or repair of heart valves, and aneurysm repair (Hsieh, Chang, Lee, Chen, & Chan, 2012). Moreover, the innovation involves the integration of computer charting and data collection. This may involve a computer-based data registry that is responsible of storing patient related data. Developing countries are stepping away from the pen and paper charting system to a more sophisticated computerized system (Hsieh et al., 2012). This will allow for better tracking and follow up of complicated cases. Moreover, technological advances in imaging, screening, and diagnosing methods may also help reduce morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular disease. Developing countries are now able to conduct ECG’s, stress monitoring, heart changes monitoring, radiological procedures, and labs that could target specific cardiac markers Hsieh et al., 2012).

Summit County has several factors leading to poor access to comprehensive, quality health care. The poverty rate is 16%, the unemployment rate is 7.2%, and the uninsured rate is 14.1% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). There is also a high obesity rate of 28.4% . (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). According to Milio's framework for prevention (2014) the people that make up these statistics show that lower income, uninsured individuals have a poor health status compared to employed, insured individuals. Therefore, they are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease. It is also interesting to mention that in Nancy Milio's research she found that most people, whether low, middle, or upper class, will choose the easiest option available the majority of the time (Nies & McEwen, 2015). People making unhealthy choices such as smoking, abuse of alcohol and/or drugs, eating poorly, and remaining physically inactive, pose the greatest risk to heart disease. These lifestyle choices lead to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol which are the main causes of cardiovascular

Tobacco use also increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, whether it being smoking or chewing tobacco. The risk is particularly higher if the person started smoking at a young age, smokes heavily and/or if the person is a woman. No matter how long that person has been smoking for, stopping can make a major difference when it comes to cardiovascular diseases. Physical inactivity is also a modifiable risk factor, obesity is a big problem in many countries and it increases the risk of heart diseases by 50%. Obesity also leads people to diabetes, which is also a risk. 31% or coronary heart diseases and 11% of the strokes worldwide are due to a high diet in fats, this is a big deal in certain countries because high diets in fats are seen everywhere. Another factor is being poor. It is normal that low income will make people's lives lean towards a stressful one, one where there is social anxiety, isolation and depression, which are all reasons why a person can get cardiovascular diseases. When someone abuses alcohol, drinking more than two drinks a day, it increases their risks as well. There are a few other modifiable risk factors, such as taking certain medications.

These maps help public health officials and concerned individuals are the local, state, and national levels become more equipped to hand tailor heart disease and heart failure prevention and treatment resources to citizens ages 65 and older. A huge finding “in this Atlas is the variation in geographic patterns by racial/ethnic group. The maps illustrate that health professionals who are working to prevent and treat heart disease among racial and ethnic groups should consider the unique geographic

It is significant in underserved communities and it is most preventable. The risk factors to name a few are high blood pressure, poor diet & physical inactivity and obesity. It is pivotal to address these risks to prevent heart failure and strokes. The risk is controllable if certain life style changes are made. More than one in three adults which is 81.1 million lives with heart disease. In the Healthy people 2020 statistics the target for deaths caused by heart disease and stroke has declined from 1999 and 2011 from 194.6 to 109.2 deaths per 100,000 populations. This shows some progress. To maximize these results I would push for promotion of healthy eating habits and physical activities for people of all ages in underserved communities along with education specifically for unfortunate people.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and is responsible for 17% of the national health expenditure (Heidenreich et al., 2011). In 1985, cardiovascular disease accounted for 10% of the gross domestic product. However, this number increased to 15% in 2008. Meanwhile, the expenses related to cardiovascular disease have increased

Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease (CVD), is the leading cause of death in the world (World Health Organization [WHO], 2016). A depressing number of Americans are diagnosed with heart disease every year at 11.5% (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2016a). With 1 in every 4 deaths being from heart disease, the national age adjusted death rate of 167 and over half of the deaths are from men, we can see that heart disease is a serious problem (CDC, 2016b; CDC, 2016c). Oklahoma is no exception, with a CVD related death rate of 228.1 (CDC, 2016d). Community and individuals are dependent upon the demographics and qualities of that community to determine their health. Currently, Oklahoma faces a number of issues that affect overall health, including cardiovascular health of the entire state and the included communities. Therefore, this paper will analyze CVD statistics in Oklahoma, compare data and demographic features to Minnesota, and discuss lifestyle risks related to Healthy People 2020.

Like all counties in California, Riverside County focuses on improving the health of its community and implementing programs to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Riverside County according to 2010 census data has a total population is 2,189,641, but since 2014 the new estimated population is 2,329,271(Census Bureau, 2014). The total population has increased by 6%, yet people are still dying by diseases that can be prevented. This paper will analyze the health outcomes of Riverside County.

5. Heart Disease and Stroke- Through prevention, discovery and treatment of risk factors for heart disease increases cardiovascular health and improve the quality of life. Risk factors leading to heart disease and strokes are changes in the heart and blood vessels. Education in healthy foods, diets and exercise can decrease a potential heart attack or stroke. (Healthy People, n.d.).

Individuals are more likely to develop CVD if they have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, are obese, use tobacco, eat a poor diet, or are not physically active. Most clinical risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease can be modified by practicing healthy lifestyle and behavior choices (Yu, Rimm, Lu, Rexrode, Albert, Qi, Willet, Hu, & Manson 2016).

There are many modifiable risk factors that contribute to the leading causes of death in Anne Arundel County. According to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2015) BRFSS report 18% of adults in the county are current smokers, compared to 16.4% in Maryland. In addition 32.4 % of the county has high blood pressure. Overweight and obesity is another health concern that can lead to secondary disease such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 2015)(Appendix G). Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2015) report only 30.9 percent of adults are a healthy weight in Anne Arundel County this is due to lack of or insufficient physical exercise reported by residents. Nutrition and diet both play

Cardiovascular is a class of disease that involve the heart or the blood vessels which includes veins, arteries, and capillaries, or both can affect the cardio system (Nordqvist, 2014).The CVD system convey oxygenated blood through the arteries for the entire body. Cardiovascular can cause other illness associated with the disease like coronary artery and heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and strokes. How do these diseases affect the body? Coronary artery and heart disease happens when plaque builds up where damage occurs in the arteries due to smoking, high levels of fats and cholesterol in the blood, and inflammation in the blood vessels (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2012). High blood pressure (Hypertension) is cause when the heart has to work harder to execute blood for the body and it also hardens the arteries which later develops heart failure. Several conditions will cause HBP or hypertension like smoking, overweight, lack of physical activity, high sodium diet or alcohol consumption, stress and family history. Diabetes occurs when the body does not have adequacy to produce any or enough insulin (triglyceride) causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood ("what is diabetes - Google Search"). Stroke develops when blood clots block an artery or a blood vessel breaks that interfere with the blood flow to a region of the brain (National Stroke Association, 2014).