Happy Essay

The Abbott government’s recent proposal for deregulation of university fees in Australia has brought about much controversial debate. Under current policy, university fees are set at a fixed rate, in which a price ceiling is placed on the amount universities can charge students and with no interest on student loans. The new proposal to deregulate these fees eliminates the price ceiling and gives universities the freedom to set tuition fees at any level they see fit. This holds two possible implications: (1) this would increase competition between universities and drive fees down; or (2) the freedom granted to universities

The crisis in Jerusalem dragged both Israel and Palestine into a vortex of violence and a religious conflict. Both Israelis and Palestinians had claim the city as a sacred religious site and their political capital. The conflict became quite violent causing the closure of holy sites, a deadly terrorist attack caused the Palestinian's to end all contact with Israel. Despite the peace efforts between the states, societies continued to rupture along ethnic and religious lines. Israel's continued unfolding with religious conflict and persisted in illegal actions causing living conditions for Palestinian civilians to become unlivable. Jews have formed the largest religious group in the city and have been in the majority. However, the Arab and Jewish communities in Palestine were in mortal dispute. Under an agreement approved by the United Nations, Jerusalem was meant to become a separated body but due to Arab forces sieging Jerusalem, and withdrawing of the British mandate, Jerusalem became a huge battleground. Jewish settlers pushed Muslim Arabs out of their homes and established the state of Israel on their land during the middle of the 20th century. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are extremely tied to the ancient city due to them recognizing Jerusalem as a holy place. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is over which gets what land and how that land is

  "By their deeds you shall know them" is a Biblical passage which seems to state a lesson reiterated in Shakespeare's Macbeth. We intend to examine closely the dark future which the Macbeths deserved because of their sinful conduct.

Another big supporter of the Jews was Great Britain. In the early 1920’s, the hatred of Jews was horrific, so the League of Nations decided to intervene and help. In response to the issue, the League put Great Britain in charge of the Mandate for Palestine, which “was called upon to facilitate the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine-Eretz Israel, or the Land of Israel”(Citation, 1). Great Britain felt sympathetic for the Jews like the United States, and also supported the idea of giving the Jews back the promise land in return for years of mistreatment. Nonetheless, Arabian citizens of the area complained about the Jewish immigration, and riots

Over the next 20 years, the number of Jews immigrating to Palestine increased due to the Zionist movemnt, and so did Arab-Jewish tensions. From 1936-1939, a large group of Arabs revolted. This revolt was led by leaders who were unwilling to give any Palestine land for the establishment of a Jewish nation (Cottrell 32-35). After this revolt and the growing Zionist movement, it would have seemed apparent to the United Nations that the Arabs and Jews in Palestine needed to be separated. So although the United Nations did pass Resolution 181 which essentially created the Jewish nation, Israel, the United Nations merely carried out the legislature that was promised from the Balfour Declaration of the British government. By not being able to peacefully live together, the Arabs and Jews of Palestine themselves ended up playing a role in the separation and partition of Palestine

Based on the original concept of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, this area was artificially divided into two parts: France controls Syria, while Britain controls Iraq, Jordan and Palestine. After a few years, Iraq and Jordan became independent as Arab nations, but Palestine, which means the land west to the Jordan river, did not. Based on the Balfour Declaration, Zionists intensified their lobbying activities to the U.K. government in order to promote the immigration of Jews to the land of Palestine. This was also a good opportunity for other European countries to let Jews migrate out of them, under expanding anti-Semitic

Nancy Spector, whom holds a PhD, RN titles from the University of Wisconsin, distinguishes that most patient privacy violations are due to nurses not taking the time to think before posting and inadvertently putting the patient’s info out for persons not admitted to see it. Spector states “The quick and efficient technology enabling use of social media reduces not only the time it takes to post, but also the time to consider whether the post is appropriate and what ramifications may come from posting inappropriate content.” Nurses should be able to use social media to help further their relationships with patients and co-workers, with the healthy understanding of how to do so wisely.

During World War II, millions of Jews fled from Germany to escape the brutality of Adolf Hitler. A Zionist movement established that all Jewish refugees were to flee to Palestine, a concept founded by The Jewish State, by Dr. Theodore Herzl, in order to unite all Jews in one holy state. The British were convinced in 1917 by Chaim Weizmann that all Jews needed their own territory in Palestine, and in the early 1920s, the British were given a mandate over Palestine by the League of Nations. Palestinians felt threatened by the rise in Jewish presence in their state, causing widespread fighting in order to expel Jews from the Arabians’ sacred Palestinian land. Ben-Gurion (also known as a member to the World Zionist Congress) was leader of the Jewish peoples in 1947, whereas there was no single leader of the Arabs, there were several influential figures to the cause: Haj Amin el-Husseini – grand mufti of Jerusalem, Azzam Pasha – secretary-general of the Arab League, King Abdullah of Transjordan – only leader open to a Arab-Jewish compromise, and Glubb Pasha – commander of the British-trained Arab Legion.

While the Bedouin communities did not particularly agree with the Turks, they did opt to fight against the British. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the former territory was divided up among British and French to establish mandates. While the British government had made several promises to both Arabs and Zionists, it became clear that the favored result was the creation of the Jewish state in Palestine. Britain was placed in charge of the Palestine and the Negev through the Balfour Declaration, which was an agreement that Britain would remain in control of Palestine until it could be declared as a Jewish state. Arab groups including Bedouin, were not pleased with the traditional lands being divided up between them and the new Jewish population. Plans were organized by the UN that called for land to be divided between the two groups, however neither side fully agreed on the terms of the proposal. While disagreements began about the idea of a Jewish state, the Bedouin found themselves in yet another position that involved the dispersal of their traditional

Beginning with the minimal acceptable borders of a Palestinian State, these must be congruent with the original United Nations Settlement plan put forth by the UN prior to Israeli conquest in 1949 With Rowntree et al. (2014) noting that the original 1948 borders of Israel were already in violation of the proposed United Nations Settlement, Israel’s borders are

For hundreds of years prior to this, the land was inhabited by a large multi-cultural population, however, the Zionists wanted to create a Jewish homeland in that area. In the beginning the migration did not cause much of a problem, but as more and more Zionists immigrated to Palestine, the current population became wary and defensive. As many of the Zionists migrated to that land with the express desire to take over the land and convert it to a jewish state, fighting broke out with the indigenous population. The violence continued for years, and when Hitler began to rise up in Germany, many Jews fled their European countries and headed for safety in Palestine. With the ever increasing Jewish population, the fighting and violence continued to increase as well. In 1947 the United Nations decided to try and bring an end to the violence by dividing up the land, giving fifty-five percent of Palestine to the Jews. Since the Jewish people only owned about 7 percent of this land, even more fighting broke out. This evolved into the Arab-Israeli war, where Zionist forces took on several Arab armies. The Zionists greatly outnumbered the Palestinians, and when the fighting was done, Israel had taken about seventy-eight percent of Palestine. In 1967, Israeli forces were able to take the remaining twenty-two percent of Palestine that they were not able to take during the Arab-Israeli war.

In 1922 France declared a mandate over Syria, and in short Britain and France together controlled all of what is today Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Syria and Iraq, leaving south Arabia as a nominally independent Arab territory. Palestinian Arabs were encouraged by Transjordans’s independence from Britain 1928 and Iraq’s in 1932. Meanwhile Britain had already ended its Egyptian protectorate in 1922; in 1936 she limited her presence there to a Suez Canal garrison. In Palestine Britain was now caught between Jewish and Arab demands, and found it increasingly difficult to satisfy both sides.

The State of Israel is located in the Middle East, bordering the east Mediterranean Sea. Established in 1948 by a United Nations (U.N.) resolution, the existing British administered Palestinian Mandate was partitioned into the Jewish State of Israel, the Arab State of Palestine, and an international territory governing the city of Jerusalem (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1947). The forced introduction of a Jewish State into a predominately Arab region immediately created religious, ethnic, and political tensions.

     After the war, due to heavy Unites States pressure on Britain there was a recommendation that one hundred thousand Jews be admitted to Palestine. The Arabs as usual opposed this action. Sometime later Britain would return Palestine back to the League of Nations (now the United Nations) stating that Palestine was

The British failed to keep control of their mandate. This was due to the effects of the First World War which left Britain with food shortages and a lack of finance. They were unable to control Jewish immigration and the disturbances and conflict between the Jews and the Arabs, which forced the British to leave the Middle East as they believed that the United Nations would do a better job of keeping peace. On 29th November 1947 the United Nations voted in favour of a partition which planned to divide Palestine into three areas: an Arab state, a Jewish state and an International zone for the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. The Jews agreed to the partition whereas the Arabs did not as they felt that the Jews were getting the larger share of land.