Health Education and Hygiene in Kenya Essay

This article was a non-research article, it discussed the barriers within the healthcare system with proper hand washing. The three barriers are: (1) equipment challenges, (2) insufficient data quality & quantity, and (3) ineffective education. The equipment challenges are that soap or sanitizer are not available, empty dispensers, or inconvenient location for the healthcare worker. These barrier can lead to a miss hand hygiene opportunity or a potential infection. Many hospital are unable to collect sufficient data to assess the compliance of hand washing, this can affect the quality of patient safety. Recommendation from Joint Commission is continuing education to reinforce healthcare workers, the understanding of proper hand hygiene.

Keeping a good standard of personal hygiene is important for the prevention of the development and spreading of infection, illnesses and bad odours. Children are taught from an early age about personal hygiene and its importance at giving across a positive body image and to reduce the risk of being bullied. People don’t like to be talked about in

Sanitation, even in healthcare facilities, is a problem. In southeast Asia, 42% of healthcare facilities don’t have adequate toilets. In sub-Saharan Africa, 36% of healthcare facilities don’t even have soap

Patients, family members, and visitors will be encouraged to follow these guidelines. Educational material will be provided in an attempt to improve understanding of the importance of good hand and nail hygiene for the prevention of healthcare-associated infection.

Cleanliness is very important for keeping most of disease at bay. So it is essential to inculcate good hygienic habit in children right from early childhood. Washing hand is one of the best ways to reduce the spread of disease.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the challenges with water sanitation. Only 68% of people living within the region have access to an improved water

The title of the article is Hand Sanitizer Alert. It really grabs the attention of the reader and represents the article. The introduction clearly tells the reader the importance hand sanitizer and research with validated results that it reduces the spread of illnesses and decreases the missed days in schools related to illnesses. The article is very informative and contains research conducted. This in return helps support their handwashing study related to strength of hand sanitizers. Below I have incorporated a chart of the results to compare different strengths and methods of hand washing. This helps illustrate the statistical outcome of the community-based epidemiologic studies.

According to Unicef, “Two out of every ten children do not make it to their fifth birthday due to a water related illness.” This crisis is preventable and 39% of Western and Central African people should not be living like this. Life is difficult for the people that do not have clean water. ¨Women and children walk up to three hours a day to get water,¨(Unicef). “Women spend more time collecting water than anything else,” stated by Water Changes Everything. “Women and children also carry up to 40 pounds of water every trip they make to get water,” states Water and Sanitation. The information is important because they do not have a good chance to get a job or education and therefore they live in poverty with no chance of having a productive life outside of their village. There are many global problems about this crisis. “The woman and children collecting the water do not get an education because they spend all day getting the water” (Water Changes Everything). “They still do not have proper sanitation water to drink or clean water,” states the The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “On an average year 1.5 million children die a year due to a water related disease,” states Water and Sanitation. This problem is solvable, and we can not allow 1.5 million children to die a year and not get an education. Research must continue in order to solve this

In third-world countries, water and sanitation facilities are often scarce or unreliable. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as chorea, dirrhoea, hepatitis, typhoid and polio. Each day 2000 children die from diarrhoea caused by contaminated water an inadequate sanitation and hygiene and overall around 842000 people are estimated to die each year. These diseases have the insidious effect of reducing people’s ability to access education and earn income – 272 million school days are lost each year to water-related diseases.

Some articles were excluded from this review because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, stated before in the Methodology Chapter. Eleven studies out of nineteen assessed the compliance of hand hygiene among healthcare workers. A study carried out by Abd Elaziz and Bakr, (2009) evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene. Other studies undertaken by (Joshi et al., 2012; McLaws et al., 2014; Yuan et al., 2008; Salmon and McLaws, 2015; Borg et al, 2009) evaluated the perceptions of healthcare workers concerning the importance of hand hygiene; a study conducted by Naderi et al (2012) assessed the hand hygiene compliance and changing gloves. Moreover, two studies carried out by (Yawson and Hesse, 2013; Owusu- Ofori et al., 2010) assessed the resources of hand hygiene and the compliance of healthcare workers to the hygiene rules. Abdella et al (2014) evaluated the factors related to hand hygiene adherence among healthcare providers. Furthermore, four studies out of nineteen: (Medeiros et al., 2015; Su et al., 2015; Chakravarthy et al., 2015; Guzman et al., 2014) examined the impact of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) the Multidimensional Approach on the hand hygiene practice. One of the studies made a comparison between the impact of a multimodal training program and that of traditional lecturing on the knowledge, belief and practice of the hand hygiene of nurses to determine the one that is most effective (Ghezeljeh et al., 2015). Allegranzi et al (2010) evaluated the successfulness of WHO regarding Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy implementation in low-income countries. Table ( ) below summarises the findings of the nineteen studies. It provides an overview of all studies including information on the authors, settings, methodology, the interventions used in each study and

For over 11 million individuals in Madagascar it's a daily reality. Poverty in Madagascar has increased and today 72 percent of the country’s estimated 22 million people live below the national poverty line. Over 4,000 children die every year from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water and poor sanitation. Did you know that hand washing alone could cut the risk of diarrhoea almost in half, saving hundreds of lives everyday? There are around 25 million people in Madagascar and over 11 million do not have access to clean water! By simply giving a couple of litres of water we could be saving so many lives already. 88% of people in Madagascar don't have access to improved sanitation. 61% of the Malagasy population are living on less than $1 USD a day and 70 percent of Malagasy suffer from

WASH intervention for STHs, which consists of water-related access and practice, sanitation availability and use of latrines and handwashing showed generally a 33% reduction in infection odds and is a significant tool to enhance the sustainability of preventive chemotherapy as well as help protect the uninfected (Strunz et al., 2014). In terms of access to water and sanitation, both of them can decrease the risk for STHs infection to approximately 50% and 65% (Strunz et al., 2014). Similarly, both of them can reduce the risk of SHS infection to approximately 50% and 60% (Grimes et al., 2014). As the significant point of sanitation impact, it is reliant on its capability to reduce faecal or urinary contamination of fresh water containing intermediate host, rather than contamination of the general environment because the important point is how to cut the transmission cycle through WASH. Also, personal hygiene through handwashing was shown to significantly reduce the odds. In particular, the value of handwashing with soap is strongly highlighted by randomised control trials and other strong evidence. For instance, handwashing before eating and after defecation could decrease the risk of STHs infection by up to approximately 40% (Strunz et al, 2014). In addition, handwashing is reasonable because soap is widely available, even in poor households in Ghana because it is used daily lives. However, the effectiveness highly depends on the motivation, capability and opportunities of

Consciousness to the importance of hand washing with soap is still considered trivial, nevertheless it has a crucial benefit to prevent spreading germs. The increase of child mortality rate caused by the shortage of clean water and poor sanitation could trigger fatal diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia, and respiratory tract infections. The child sometimes being a victim of misinterpretation in hygiene owing to the lack of knowledge by parents. Eventually, mother bears the brunt due to the health issues; the potential for spreading diseases, privacy disturbed, and the high cost of medication.

Curtis et al (2001) noted that modern methods of promoting handwashing can be effective and cost-effective on a large scale. Studies suggest that soap is widely available, even in poor households in developing countries, although it is mostly used for bathing and washing clothes (Borghi et al, 2002). In rural India and Bangladesh, soap is often considered a beautifying agent or for the physical feeling of cleanliness which it gives, rather than being associated with the removal of microorganisms or health benefits (Hoque and Briend, 1991; Hoque et al, 1995).

More than half of people(60 %) defecating openly in world lives in our country. According to the 2011 Indian census, 53 per cent of households do not use any kind of toilet or latrine. This essentially matches the 55 per cent found by the National Family Health Survey in 2005.Open defecation is not so common elsewhere. The list of African countries with lower percentage rates of open defecation than India includes Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South