Health Inequities Experienced By Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People In Australia

When compared with non-indigenous Australians, they experience higher death rates from all causes. According to the Cambridge HSC Personal Development, Health and Physical Education booklet, this means that indigenous people are: - Almost twice as likely to die from heart disease. - 6.4 times more likely to die from

Indigenous people accounted for 3.1% of the total Australian population (HealthInfoNet, n.d.). Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal are far more likely to die than other Australians before they are old. According to the most recent estimates, Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal men born in 2010 to 2012 are likely to live up to 69 years old and are about 10 years less than other Australian men. Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal women born in 2010 to 2012 are likely to live up to 74 years, almost 10 years less than other Australian women (HealthInfoNet, n.d.). Describe the nature and extent

The indigenous population has a lower average age of 21 years, in comparison to 36 years, which is directly correlative to the higher death rates, which are 1.9 times the general population. The contrast in the differed health status of Indigenous Australians compared with non-indigenous Australians can be comprehended by the considerably lower life expectancy, in 2010-12 the ATSI life expectancy was estimated to be 10.6 years lower compared to the non-indigenous population for males (69.1 with 79.7) and 9.5 years for females (73.7 with 83.1). Similarly, the ATSI population experiences higher rates of hospitalisation, suicide and most other major illnesses and disease (particularly CVD and

The majority of health issues that the Aboriginal community faces are related directly and indirectly to social, economic, cultural and political areas. Infrastructure, housing, employment, income, environmental and education are connected to the individual and community based effects of health.

As health professionals, we must look beyond individual attributes of Indigenous Australians to gain a greater understanding and a possible explanation of why there are such high rates of ill health issues such as alcoholism, depression, abuse, shorter life expectancy and higher prevalence of diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity in our indigenous population. Looking at just the individual aspects and the biomedical health model, we don’t get the context of Aboriginal health. This is why we need to explore in further detail what events could have created such inequities in Aboriginal health. Other details that we should consider are the historical and cultural factors such as, ‘terra nullius’, dispossession and social

As health professionals, we must look beyond individual attributes of Indigenous Australians to gain a greater understanding and a possible explanation of why there are such high rates of ill health issues such as alcoholism, depression, abuse, shorter life expectancy and higher prevalence of diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity in our indigenous population. Looking at just the individual aspects and the biomedical health model, we don’t get the context of Aboriginal health. This is why we need to explore in further detail what events could have created such inequities in Aboriginal health. Other details that we should consider are the historical and cultural factors such as, ‘terra nullius’, dispossession and social

“Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people have a greater amount of disadvantage and significantly more health problems than the non-Aboriginal & Torres strait Islander population in Australia”

     Many of the inequalities in the health of the Aboriginal people can be attributed to the

Australia is considered one of the safest and best countries to live (OECD, 2016). For instance, Australia exhibits higher life expectancies (80.3 years for males and 84.5 years for females), lower mortality rates (5.4 per 1000 live births), high-quality education and health practices and many employment opportunities (ABS, 2015). However, there are wide disparities in life expectancy, mortality rates, heath outcomes, education and employment for indigenous people (Holland, 2014).For example, life expectancy at birth for indigenous population is 10.6 years lower than that of the non-indigenous male population and 9.5 years for females (ABS, 2015). The mortality rate for the indigenous

The racism that goes on around Australia has a very serious impact on Indigenous Australians; this impact is the gap in the life expectancy between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Life expectancy for native Australians is in comparison with third world countries with the probability of death being around 20 years lower than other Australians, which has increased since 1997 (Kim 2007). The life of Indigenous Australian 's is short-lived compared to other Australians as 66% of the deaths of native Australians were before the age of 65 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2011). The life expectancy for non-indigenous Australian 's is 75 for males and 81 for females. The life expectancy for Indigenous Australian 's has been the same since the 1900’s with the life expectancy of males being 56 and females 61 (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 2001). The gap in life probability between

“The status of Indigenous health in contemporary Australia is a result of historic factors as well as contemporary socio-economic issues” (Hampton & Toombs, 2013, p. 1).

It is well studied by health authorities that the current health statistics of the Indigenous population today are clearly reflected on their health status, due to the impacts of the colonisation process. The relating problems associated with this have resulted in destructive families and communities. It is unquestionable that Indigenous Australians were adapted to the environment in which people lived and had control on every feature of their life during the colonisation period. According to ‘The Deplorable State of Aboriginal Ill Health, Chapter 1’ (2014), studies that show that numerous infectious diseases; such as, smallpox and the flu, were not present in the pre-invasion period. It is also shown that lifestyle diseases such as high BP, diabetes and heart diseases were not known to exist.

As a people, our rate of chronic disease is still 2.5 times higher than that of other Australians, and Indigenous people in this country die 15 to 20 years younger than those in mainstream Australia. More than half of

What might explain these statistics, or at least serve as correlations, are the determinants of health. If the reader is not familiar with the determinants of health, the World Health Organisation (WHO) provides an explanation of them. In essence, these health determinants are factors that have significant impact upon one’s health. The main determinants for health are: socioeconomic status, where the rich and upper classes tend to be healthier; education, where low education is linked to stress, lower self-esteem and poorer health choices; environment, where purer air, cleaner water, healthier workplaces and better housing contribute to being healthier; health services, where access to services and proper equipment all contribute to health; as well as gender, genetics, culture and social behaviour (WHO, 2016). As there are so health determinants, where essays can be written on one alone, it is not within the scope of this essay to critically analyse each determinant for Indigenous Australians. With this in mind, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2014) documents an extensive list of data for Indigenous health, most of which discusses issues which are out-of-scope for this analysis. What is relevant, however, is outlined next. Across the board, in 2011, the Indigenous population was younger than the non-Indigenous population due to high fertility and mortality rates with those

Aboriginal health standards are so low today that all most half aboriginal men and a third of the women die before they are 45. Aboriginal people can expect to live 20 years less than non-indigenous Australians. Aboriginals generally suffer from more health problem and are more likely to suffer from diabetes, liver disease and glaucoma. The causes of their poor health and low life expectancy are poverty, poor nutrition, poor housing, dispossession of their traditional land, low education level, high unemployment, drug and substance use, unsafe sex, limited health care and diseases.