Health in the Media: Using the Models of Health to Assess Media Articles about Health Topics
Catherine Stratton
HST209: Introduction to Health, University College, University of Toronto
Table of Contents
Abstract…………………………………………………………...3
Paper…………………………………………………………….4-7
Works Cited……………………………………………………….8
Abstract
The effect of having constant access to media is that consumers are overwhelmed with information, which come from sources of varying credibility. When consumers are inundated by omnipresent information, they are less likely to challenge the information that is presented. This is a particular importance when health is the topic addressed in the media, since health concerns well-being and life itself. This paper explores the seriousness of health matters being addressed in the media. Two print media articles are examined: Toronto Life’s, “Memoir: my life revolves around trying to get inside my autistic daughter’s head” (Jalfen, 2015, p.1) and The Globe and Mail’s “Rewired: Learning to tame a noisy brain. (Or, how you can use the power of neuroplasticity)” (MacWhirter, 2015, p.1). Both discuss, to differing extents, the health issue of autism. The models of writing which the authors use and the authors’ suggestions for maintaining good health are described. This forms the for this paper’s critical argument is made: the biomedical model is the safest way to inform readers of health
Mass media is doing a "great" job in this regard already. What I want to achieve is to make you realize that if you care about your health you cannot rely solely on the health professionals. Their objective is to try to fight health issues that are already in progress.
However, as highlighted by the Time to Change initiative, media depictions have continued to portray mental health in stigmatising ways. Research has suggested the media continues to present false, misleading, stereotyped and negative information to the public about mental health. This occurs through various media sources, including newspaper articles, films and portrayals of mental illness in TV programs.
Mass media is one of the main approaches used in health promotion and its lack of success may be due to its oversimplification or segmented view of health and well-being.
Roemer’s model of a health care delivery system shows the different necessary elements for a system to be successful. As health needs are the input; the system needs resources, organization of programs, economic support mechanisms, and delivery of services to provide the health needs output (Roemer, p 33). Able 2 is an organization that provides services to people with disabilities. They have many resources, but perhaps not enough to meet the health needs of every consumer. They have well organized programs, have economic support, and can deliver services completely and holistically to produce health as the output of the client. The most important implication that was found in analyzing Able 2 was the need for increased resources as they are not able to meet the needs for every client in need of its services. Ultimately though, Able 2 is an excellent organization that provides an array of services for those people with disabilities.
For years there has been public controversies over the advancements in science and all of the health risks that have been around, but now the use of the media has certainly boosted the amount of confusion throughout the public. Frightening stories regarding the progressions of science have been appearing online and in print. One particular example of this issue was the MMR vaccine debate. The MMR vaccine is an immunization vaccine which fights against rubella, measles, and mumps. During the 1990’s the media played a huge role in the decisions parents made regarding whether or not they allowed their children to get vaccinated. The media portrayed the MMR vaccine as having a possible link between autism. Which left the public worried about the MMR vaccine and having conflicting views and feelings towards the safety of vaccinations. In the MMR vaccine debate scientist and the media played two different roles which helped citizens make decisions regarding vaccination.
The discussion of a possible link between autism spectrum disorder and vaccinations stirs up people’s emotions. For this reason, it is crucial to determine the correct rhetorical context. Rhetorical context plays a vast role in the portrayal and the writing of a piece. A major part of rhetorical context in a research paper is the audience. For my research paper, I determined that my audience will be young, educated couples who are expecting their first child and are about to do research on the issue.
Cardiac diseases alone have been estimated, direct and indirect costs, for the overall American population are “approximately $165.4 billion for 2009” (CDC, 2013). A survey found that heart disease accounted for 4.2 million of the hospitalizations in 2006. In 62% of these cases were short stay hospitalizations and occurred amount peoples ages 65 and older. These hospitalization rates also vary by gender, racial, and ethnic groups.
is a medical reporter for USA Today. She specializes in articles on cancer, children's health, parenting, and environmental health. In the following viewpoint, Szabo examines some of the dangers presented by public acceptance of celebrity endorsements of unproven and potentially hazardous alternative health remedies. Szabo explains that celebrities can have a positive impact on public health by raising awareness about illnesses and preventive medical testing, as former first lady Betty Ford did when her public disclosure of her struggle with breast cancer and mastectomy prompted more women to get mammograms. Unfortunately, Szabo relates, when celebrities promote dangerous misinformation, as she explains actress Jenny McCarthy did when she launched a very public campaign citing a since disproven link between childhood vaccines and autism, the negative impact on public health can be profound. Jenny McCarthy, an American model, actress, and an anti-vaccine activist, presents an action following a report on vaccination and how it affected her son with a complex disorder in the brain development, autism. McCarthy's claims that vaccines cause autism are not supported by any medical evidence, and the original paper by Andrew Wakefield that formed the basis for the claims has been shown to be based on manipulated data and fraudulent research. Vaccination is widely considered one of the greatest medical achievements of modern civilization. Due to the creation of vaccination about
In the article titled “Autism is a Serious Public Health Crisis” Ann McElroy Dachel claims that the CDC (the Center for Disease Control) is hiding a secret which she calls “the big lie.” “The big lie” is a result of the CDC lying about the fact that more and more children are being diagnosed with autism or forms of the disorder because of an increase in mercury that is put into new vaccines. Dachel is well educated on how autism is affecting children because her own son, John, has a form of autism known today as Asperger’s. She acknowledges from the beginning that John wasn’t like the average kid his age, she noticed that “his talking and interacting with people began to regress” (Dachel, Paragraph 10) which caused her to take action. She enrolled John in multiple activities including speech therapy to help cope with the interaction with people, but yet he was still not being treated as equal. As time passed results came forward detailing why John was having so many problems with interaction. When he was in second grade John was diagnosed with being “possibly autistic” (Dachel, Paragraph 12) which opened many new doors for Dachel. She now knew that her son was in fact not like the other kids. 20 years later, after being officially diagnosed, John is a very well educated, not only in school, but instruments as well.
Baker (2017) investigated the portrayal of autism in the media, particularly in newspapers. The analysis of the data revealed predominantly negative imagery when discussing autism and as a results, this negative representation of autism indeed affects the perception that the society holds. The research investigated the language used and topics discussed when mentioning autism. The results showed that more than 25 terms were negative when describing the situations the people with autism and the people that surrounds them experience. The examples include the words such as struggle, burden, problem, mental, etc. The results also showed that the topic of ‘Quality of life’ is in the special interest of the media. The majority of the articles were
Wakefield published a study on the effects of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)-vaccine, specifically the “mercury” based and the vaccine instigating the onset of autism (Wakefield para 3). Wakefield’s study involved 12 individuals whose medical background was altered in order to support his study (Goodlee para 2). After 12 years of Wakefield’s research being published, his findings were found to be inaccurate. Many doctors and scientists alike have proven his theory wrong, causing the magazine that published the article to fully retract it (Goodlee para 2). However, the damage caused by Wakefield’s false findings has yet to be undone. The number in vaccinations dropped and the number of deadly diseases ultimately rose (Goodlee para 8). Despite study after study proving that Wakefield blatantly falsified his findings, many parents including, celebrities like Jenny McCarthy, continue to advocate against vaccinations and blame the MMR-vaccine for her child’s autism diagnosis.
The more I read Chapter Eleven on this topic of health presence in the media, the more I realized how the social comparison theory manifested itself in different ways for my sister Monica. The role models she admired also came from our own family circle. One of our cousins, Elena, looked like a model in that she was beautifully shaped and got plenty of complements from the opposite sex whenever we would go out to the pool or beach in the summers. I realize now that my sister would consult her on fashion trends and would try to emulate her eating habits.
Wakefield, Melanie A., Barbara Loken, and Robert C. Hornik. "Use of Mass Media Campaigns to Change Health Behaviour." The Lancet 376.9748 (2010): 1261-271.
This campaign was intended to “educate parents about the growing rate of autism in this country and to ultimately increase the level of early detection.” The campaign, which is entitled “Odds,” is designed to utilize a cumulative sum of $287 million in “donated media support” to target parents with young children between the ages of 0 to 6 years old. This case study was able to generate measurable results, which indicated that parents who had seen or heard the media of the “Odds” campaign were 160 percent more likely than parents who didn’t to be aware of the prevalence of autism. It also showed that 93 percent of these parents are more likely to be able to identify “at least one key sign of autism” if presented in their own
A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of human development in a given country, region, or community. This system of human development functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach their highest attainable level of physical, mental, and social well-being. All health care systems are grounded in the concept that genetic and biological factors must be taken into account to understand the problems and behaviors of a specific population. The interconnected factors that determine an individual’s health status includes personal features, social status, culture, environment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resulted from long-term neglect of the underlying factors that perpetuate this issue.