Heart Diseases Atrial Septal Defect

Atrial septal defect is a hole in the wall, or septum, that divides the upper chambers of the heart, which are called atria. Usually most children who develop ASP are fine because the hole either repairs itself or is too small to cause any trouble later on in life. If the septum is flawed, oxygen deficient blood can flow directly from the right side of the heart and combine with oxygen-rich blood in the left side of the heart, or vice versa. Therefore oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the body to be lower than normal due to this case. Every person had a hole in the septum to allow blood from the right atrium to enter the left atrium as a child which seals after birth due to the pressure drop on the right

Atrial Septal Defect (or ASP for short and also known as “Hole in the Heart”) is one of the many heart defects where there is a hole in the dividing wall between the atria. This syndrome occurs at birth. Minor cases of ASD are easy to treat. In most cases, the hole repairs by itself so you would not notice that you even had such a defect. In severe cases , surgery has to follow, if not, it can be fatal. I will be explaining how ASD affects the circulatory system.

Atrial Septal defect is the most common form of atrial heart defect that occurs when the atrium septum fails to form properly. It is a congenital defect that creates an opening between the two chambers (right and left atrium).

A heart murmur is a sound coming from the heart and can indicate a heart disorder. The murmur sounds like a swishing or whooshing noise. Heart murmurs can be caused by Structural heart defects present from birth, Valvular heart diseases, an infection in the heart, also known as endocarditis, mitral valve prolapse, heart failure, and congenital heart defects. There are two types of murmurs. They are innocent murmurs and abnormal murmurs. The innocent murmur is one that is not a threat in any type of way. The abnormal murmurs is an actual medical condition caused by some sort of abnormality with the heart itself. Heart murmurs like the innocent ones are harmless and do not require any treatment. Although, for others medication, surgery or just

Congenital Heart Defect’s (CHD) affect about 1% of all births in the United States or about 40,000 babies per year (www.CDC.gov). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a CHD that accounts for an estimated 10% of these births. There are many factors that are involved in the diagnosis, treatment and quality of life for these children. The effects of the CHD vary in severity, therefore the effects it has on a child’s life vary. The etiology of TOF, how specific organs, cells, and tissues are affected, and what organ systems are affected will all be discussed and explained. . The effects vary greatly between patients this paper will focus on the average effects of this condition in order to provide a better understanding of TOF.

A septal defect is the connection between left and right side of the heart. The opening in the atrial septum permits left to right shunting of blood. The opening may be small, as when the foramen ovale fails to close, or large, as when the septum may be completely absent.

The types of congenital heart problem are structural issues such as holes and leaky valves. The heart valve defects may be too narrow or completely closed so blood has hard time getting through or can’t set through at all. The valve might not close properly so the blood leaks

According to the journal, one of the most common result of birth defect on the baby is low birth-weight. This occurs due to the nutritional deprivation of the mother, this not only affects the baby in many ways but also creates threats and makes the subsequent babies prone to many non-communicable diseases. These kind of kids, tend to have delayed development and high risk of sickness. Apart from this, birth defects also cause problems like several heart diseases, one of them being congenital heart disease. In which case, the infant is born with a hole in the heart. In this case, the baby tends to have a delay in the brain development process, also sometimes experiencing problems of rapid breathing and tiredness. They also have poor blood circulation

Congenital cardiovascular defects are structural problems that cause abnormal formation of the heart or major blood vessels. ICD-9 has listed twenty five congenital heart defects codes, of which twenty one designate specified anatomic or hemodynamic lesions. These defects

Every year about five million Americans with a heart valve disease. Heart valve disease occurs when one or more of the heart valves does not function properly. Your heart has four valves that keep the blood flowing in the correct direction. In some cases, one or more of the valves don't open or close properly. This can cause the blood flow through your heart to your body to be disrupted. These factors change the shape or flexibility of once-normal heart valves. The cause of congenital heart valve disease isn't known, but in some cases it occurs before birth as the heart is forming. Your heart valves lie at the exit of each of the chambers and maintain one-way blood flow through your heart. When the ventricles are full of blood after each

Congenital heart defects are problems intrinsic to the heart that present at birth. They develop during fetal growth in utero mainly due to genetic malformations, environmental factors, and multifactorial reasons. The environment within which the fetus develops (the uterus) is a very crucial contribution to normal fetal growth and development. It is common to find disruptions within this microenvironment; the consequent effect being the disruption of normal growth and organ developments. The timing is, however, important as well. During the first trimester, organs are being crafted from primitive cells and tissues. Internal and external factors, therefore, take the opportunity to cause disruption. The most common congenital anomalies are

The capillary exchange is where necessary gases and molecules move between the plasma and the interstitial fluid. Both hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure contribute to this, as they help fluids move in and out of capillaries and through diffusion. Arteries carry blood to the body organs and tissues, and once they reach an organ, branch into small branches called arterioles. These arterioles then branch into capillaries, thin-walled blood vessels, that due to their thin walls are best suited for the exchange of fluid, gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and body tissues. There are two ends of a capillary, arterial and venous. Large tubes known as venules gather blood from the capillaries to form veins. Veins are tubes that carry oxygen-depleted blood to the heart. Collectively, the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure are significant because they

Atrial septal defect(ASD) is a common congenital heart disease with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 2:1.The most common type of Atrial Septal Defect is a secundum defect which is characterized by a defect in the inter atrial septum which allows pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium. Normally the patients with Atrial Septal Defect remain asymptomatic up to third or fourth decade of life and in the middle age some clinical symptoms can be observed. A "shunt" is the presence of a net flow of blood through the defect, either from left to right or right to left. The amount of shunting actually determines the hemodynamic significance of the ASD. A "right-to-left-shunt" typically presents the more

Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) include all structural anomalies of the heart and the intrathoracic great vessels resulting from the errors in morphogenesis, during development. The incidence of CHDs among live births is estimated to be 3.7 to 7.7 per 1000 (Ferencz et al. 1985). CHDs are etiologically heterogenous and it could be due to genetic (single gene defects, chromosomal abnormality) and or environmental (multifactorial, teratogens) or unknown factors (Michels and Ricardi 1990). From literature, it is seen, that 6 percent of CHDs are due to chromosomal abnormality (Greenwood et al. 1975). Conversely, the reported incidence of CHDs among individuals with chromosomal abnormality is around 30 percent.

The heart is made out of three layers of tissue. The outer layer is epicardium, it is a thin membrane which helps to protect outside of the heart. The middle layer is called myocardium which contains the cardiac muscle tissue. Myocardium is the thickness a heart wall and the pump of blood is responsible for the myocardium. Lastly, the inner layer is called endocardium is thin and smooth. It job is to keep the blood sticking inside of the heart.