Hemophilia Case Study

It binds to the fibrin of fresh clots and the resulting compound converts adjacent plasminogen into

7.b) Damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting because it exposes the underlying collagen. Platelets bind to the collagen, and the clotting process is then

During this step, the body has one primary goal; Stop the bleeding (coagulate the blood). In order to reach this goal, as series of clotting factor proteins have

The body views the platelets as a foreign body and causes a response that produces antibodies that marks the spleen to destroy and remove the platelets. The platelet count is affected by antibodies produced by individuals with ITP. The antibody produced covers the surface of the platelets making them easily destructible by macrophages. Once the macrophages destroy the platelets faster than they are produced, the number of platelets are greatly reduced causing a decrease in blood clotting.

The friable atheroma may rupture, or its surface may ulcerate, exposing its core to platelets and plasma coagulation factors which are activated and produce a thrombus or thromboembolus.

The blood clotting process known as the coagulation cascade is complex and sophisticated which involves a multi-step. The coagulation process does more durable repairs of the vessel and very essential for closing up larger wounds and maintaining the platelet plug which allows for the formation of thrombus, or clot to form. The cascade process of coagulation is chain reaction because one step leads to next events. In each step of cascade produces a new protein of enzymes or catalysts. The Coagulation cascade leads to three different pathway an intrinsic pathway or an extrinsic pathway and at the end both of which lead to a common pathway. There are 12 known clotting factors involved in three different pathway of coagulation cascade including

Efficient inhibition of the fibrin deposition and thrombus formation by plasma protease FXIIa-neutralizing antibody, 3F7, by binding specifically to the enzymatic pocket of FXIIa in an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) system similar to heparin but without treatment associated increase in hemorrhage signifies thromboprotective properties of 3F7. Further, inhibition of the thrombus formation without impairing the hemostasis indicates FXII as a potential target for prevention of atherothrombosis. The use of ECMO simulating the clinical settings signifies the meaningful importance of this study to use in clinics. However, the prevention of the contact-induced FXIIa formation, thrombus formation in mice and rabbits and coagulation in-vitro with 3F7 has also been documented [59,60,61] (Figure 2). FXII activation is also mediated by inorganic polymer polyphosphate (polyP), which is stored in platelets and secreted on platelet activation [36]. Reduced fibrin accumulation and attenuated thrombus formation without increased risk

In his essay “The Tragedy of the Commons” author Garrett Hardin presents several points for his argument against the population problem. The population is growing at an exponential rate leading to a decline in the quality of life for mankind. Due to the fact that the population is growing so must the energy available, if mankind is to survive. Hardin’s argument is that if the population continues to grow with the laws that are currently set in place, the quality of life will eventually decline. Hardin states “Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all” (Hardin 23).

Within many Gothic works, symbolism is profoundly used, especially in the tale of “Young Goodman Brown” written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Was Faith his innocent companion or his trust in his religion? Why does Faith wear pink ribbons, innocence much like that of a child or a deep symbolic meaning? Deception is yet another symbol within this tale, because not everything is as it seams. By Faith, representation of colors, and deception, Hawthorne demonstrates Gothic symbolism within his tale of “Young Goodman Brown”.

Hemophilia is a rare disorder when blood doesn't clot normally because it is short on sufficient blood-clotting proteins. Deep bleeding inside the body is big concern especially in the knees, ankles and elbows. The internal bleeding caused from this can damage the organs and tissues of the body and may be life threating. When a person without Hemophilia is injured, a system of procedures happens to make the blood turn from liquid to solid to clot the wound and make the blood flow stop. Platelets, which are cells found in the blood, combine together to form a clot at the site of bleeding. The platelets hold an enzyme that causes fibrinogen to change to fibrin which is a solid substance that doesn’t liquefy. The fibrin goes to the area of injury

begins with damage of capillaries, triggering the formation of a blood clot consisting of fibrin and fibronectin. This provisional matrix fills in the lesion and allows a variety of recruited cells to migrate into the lesion. Platelets present in the blood clot release multiple chemokines, which partici- pate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, but also in chemotaxis and recruitment of fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

Venous thrombosis is a multifactorial disease. In the majority of thrombosis patients a risk factor is not detectable. Virchow's triad refers to three primary influences for thrombus formation, endothelial injury, stasis, turbulence or abnormal blood flow, and blood hypercoagulability (Kyrle, 2009). A shift in balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant of the endothelium is responsible for thrombotic state (Kyrle, 2009). Endothelial injury is the physical loss of endothelium leading to exposure of subendothelial extra-cellular matrix, adhesion of platelets, release of tissue factor, depletion of PGI2 and plasminogen activators (Kumar, 2010). Abnormal blood flow refers to turbulence that causes endothelial injury, which is a major influence

Hemophilia A is distinguished by extreme bleeding into soft tissues of the body known as hematoma, and bleeding into joint spaces known as hemarthroses. Hemarthroses lead to severe condition known as hemarthropathy. Repeated episodes of hemarthroses are very common to this disease. The severity of hemophilia A symptoms is directly proportional to factor VIII blood level and is classified as mild, moderate and severe.

Hemophilia is a hereditary and genetic mutation blood disease that does not have the ability to form a blood clot or coagulate from a small injury. The word hemophilia comes from two Greek words: haima - meaning blood and philia meaning to love. In order for the blood to clot properly, the plasma proteins also called factors need to be present in the blood. When the body forms antibodies to the clotting factors in the blood, it will stop the clotting factors from working. There are 13 types of clotting factors and they involve platelets to help the blood coagulate. Platelets also known as thrombocytes are small blood cells that form in your bone marrow to prevent blood loss by initiating a blood clot.

“Gun control? We need bullet control! I think every bullet should cost $5,000. Because if a bullet cost $5,000, we wouldn’t have any innocent bystanders.” (Rock, 1999) Chris Rock got a big laugh when he expressed his comical stance on the issues with guns. With the heart-wrenching reality of the Virginia Tech massacre, the issue of whether or not guns should be allowed on college campus has returned to the forefront of debates, and this is no longer a