Hierarchy of Courts

    The state intermediate courts hear appeals from the trial court (Goldman and Cheeseman 10). These courts review the record from the trial court to determine errors that can ultimately modify or reverse the decision in a case. The highest state courts (commonly known as

court system. The Supreme Court is the head of the Judiciary Branch and rules whether something is constitutional or unconstitutional according to the Constitution. The Supreme Court consists of nine judges, eight associate justices and one chief justice. They are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate and have no term limit. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and their decisions are final and can not be over turned (Three Branches of Government, 2007).

The emperor appoints the chief justice upon designation by the Cabinet, which also appoints the other justices. The judges can only be removed by public impeachment. The Supreme Court determines the constitutionality of laws and all its decisions are final. It supervises a system of four inferior courts: A High Court, which rules on appeals of judgments by the lower courts; a District Court; a Family Court; and a Summary Court. In Canada the supreme court is also the highest court, a court of last appeal. The supreme court of Canada has nine judges, one of the judges is the chief justice and eight other regular

Up until 1961 the courts in operation were 'transitory' courts under Article 58 of the Constitution. After the state[Killian] versus Minister for Finance[1954 IR207]the courts[establishment and Constitution]act 1961 was passed to regularize the position and 'establish' the court system envisaged by Article 34.1. This system remains in existence today and is where Judges operate under.

The next court appeal is the Victorian High Court. This is the next court higher than the supreme court and is the only court that can decide whether the decision is too harsh or not severe enough. Therefore the high court can change decisions made by the supreme court judge.

The next step in the ladder is the District Court; like the Local Court, it has both Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction, however it hears most indictable offences in jury trials. The Supreme Courts Trial Division has original civil and criminal jurisdiction, but it only hears the most serious of criminal cases (like murder or terrorism). Additionally, its’ Court of Appeal hears direct appeals from the District Court and Supreme Court trial division – it usually only hears appeals regarding questions of law and not fact.

The Judicial branch consists of justices and courts in the US, and their job is to interpret the laws created by Congress. The highest court of the US is the Supreme Court and the title of those who serve on the high court is associate judges. There are nine judges, eight associate judges and one chief judge. Those judges are appointed by the president, approved by the senate, and serve for life. There are ninety one district courts and twelve appeal courts. Courts have jurisdiction over the Constitution, federal laws, treaties. Laws governing ships, the United States government itself, ambassadors or public ministers, two or more state government, citizens of different states, and a state or its citizens versus a foreign country.

The federal court system consists of three levels. The leading and nethermost is the United States district courts. Secondly, the middle level is the court of appeals. The Supreme Court is reflected as the uppermost law court in the United States. The United States district courts comprise of the ordinary federal provisional courts, even though in many circumstances the legislature has approved acts that dissuade unusual authority to these particular courts or executive law juries. The Courts of Appeals are the state middle appellate law court. They function under an organization of obligatory appraisal which implies they are obligated to hear all the appeals of right from the subordinate courts. Courts of appeals can make an own presiding of their own on the case, or decide to agree the verdict of the lower court. In the last circumstance, several offenders choose to appeal to the Supreme Court. This Court is the utmost court in the United States judicial system, this is seen the court that is in charge of the final remedy. It commonly is an appellate law court that functions in unrestricted appraisal. This implies that the Court, via surrendering of summonses of certiori, has the power to choose which cases to hear and the one to dismiss. There exist no rights of appeal to the Supreme Court (Haerens, 2010).

There is the Constitutional Court, which upholds the integrity of the constitution, decide how constitutional a law is, and to make amendments to it. The Superior Judicial Council’s job is to solve disputes between the other courts. Its judges are chosen by the other three courts and serve for an eight-year term. The Council of State is the highest court for civil law, and its judges are chosen from a selection of judges chosen by the Superior Judicial Council. The fourth and final court is the Supreme Court of Justice and is the highest criminal court, the judges are chosen the same as the Council of State and both groups of judges serve for four-year terms. All of the courts are as coequal as possible and intertwined as one can see in how they choose their judges.

There are three different tiers within the federal court system. There are only one Supreme Court. It is the highest court in the United States. The lower courts below the Supreme Court can actually have cases roll over to the Supreme Court. Then you have U.S. Courts of Appeals. There are thirteen Appellate courts. The appellate courts deal with making sure the law was applied correctly in trial court. Appellate court doesn’t have a jury all they have is three judges. Then there is District Courts, which there are ninety-four around the country. They try to resolve disputes between people and try to figure out which one if right and wrong. Trail courts have

Both of the appellate court systems are managed by the Clerk of Appellate Court. The responsible of the Clerk of Appellate Court is the repository of any and all filing brought before the courts. The Court of Appeals, first case was held in 1995, to witness cases assigned to the Supreme Court that have error and already settled, but facts are in dispute. The last resort between state courts is the Mississippi Supreme Court. All decisions of the chancery, circuit and county courts and the Court of Appeals can be appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court decisions are made by a majority vote of the

The highest federal court is the U.S. Supreme Court, which consists of nine appointed Justices.

There are three main levels to the federal court system: district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme court. There is one Supreme court, 94 district courts, and 13 circuit courts. The federal courts work differently to the state courts. The main difference being, that the federal court can only hear cases authorized by the United States Constitution. The federal courts can hear case dealing with constitutionality of law, case involving the law and treaties of the U.S., disputes between multiple states, etc. The district court has at least one judge, circuit courts have multiple judges, and the Supreme court has nine judges or “justices”. All judges in the federal system are appointed by the president and confirmed by the

Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior. (Robertson, Crimes against humanity, 90).Laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or by judges through binding precedent, normally in common jurisdictions.

According to Reference.com (2007), law is defined as: “rules of conduct of any organized society, however simple or small, that are enforced by threat of punishment if they are violated. Modern law has a wide sweep and regulates many branches of conduct.” Essentially law is the rules and regulations that aid in governing conduct,