Histopathological Analysis

* Healing: When the epidermis breaks away due to a minor cut or burn, the cells on the lower layers of the skin migrate upwards as a sheet. When two ends of the sheet meet, the cells stop growing due to a process called 'contact inhibition'. Thus, the epidermis is sealed and the skin returns to normal.

Stechmiller, J. K. (2010). Understanding the Role of Nutrition and Wound Healing. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25(1), 61-68. doi:10.1177/0884533609358997

Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft?

Skin tears are traumatic wound that have been described as the “underestimated” wound and a

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

In normal wound healing procedure, fibroblasts (the cells present in connective tissue) synthesize the protein collagen, which gives structural support to the wound and plays a major role in every stage of wound healing. However, when fibroblasts produce far more collagen than generally required, Keloids formation takes place.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Proliferative phase occurs within a few days of injury in which cells that were involved in the battle need to tend to their wounds and the regenerate to restore itself to its formal glory as best as possible. The body’s way of restoring itself is through use of angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, wound contraction and epithelialization. This combination acts of getting new blood vessels to the damage area, aid in the formation of cells to fill in the area which leads to scar tissue, allow the skin to flexible in the repair process and finally resurface the wound with new epithelial

Patients at Long Term Care Facilities are generally debilitated and elderly people who have incontinence problems. Incontinence makes treating pressure ulcers very difficult because it alters tissue tolerance and reapplying products becomes very costly. Usually negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used to treat pressure ulcers but it is also very costly and does not match with some wound locations. Collagen plays a vital role in the wound healing process by creating a framework for the adhesion, movement, and production of new cells. This study determined the effects and uses of Type 1 formulated collagen on granulation tissue formation and reepithreelialization in chronic pressure ulcers.

For example, the signs and symptoms of wound infection could be confused with the inflammatory phase, while parts of the wound may be in the destructive phase, with other parts in the proliferative phase. Nevertheless, to recognise that the complex physiological process can be divided into distinct phases from the initial emergency response to injury through a process of repair and regeneration to complete healing helps the nurse in the clinical decision-making process.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

To test for wound healing, excision wounds were created on THE exposed mice. The wound tissues were collected at various time intervals for 14 days after the injury. Looking at RNA concentration and using a spectrophotometer, the changes of expression level between exposed and non-exposed wound tissue were compared.

Wound closure was determined as a decline in the wound area over study time period and also efficiently examined under in vivo conditions via quantitative measurement of skin wound area at specified time intervals in acute and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice models (Sharpe et al., 2013). Experimental data set indicating original wound morphology and how the wound size reduced over time in NCs treated swiss albino mice as compared to their respective controls at day 3, 8 and 14 post-wounding (acute) and at day 3, 10, and 18 post-wounding (diabetic) has been presented in Fig. 6.13

Table 3: Wound healing in treatment groups. Wound healing Sucralfate group N= 50 Lidocaine group N=48 Placebo group N=45 P value 21st day 31(62%) 19 (39.5%) 17 (37.7%) 0.028

When injury occurs, the body goes through different phases in order to complete its recovery, each phase has a specific job with the intention of preparing the body for the next phase of recovery. The phases that the body goes through are; the bleeding phase, the inflammatory phase, the proliferation phase and the remodelling phase, each of these phases happen at a specific time within the recovery after the injury. The phase that this essay is going to look at is the inflammatory phase and what role the inflammation has in tissue healing whilst briefly discussing what impacts it will have in a clinical setting.