Hostage Negotiation Essay

Critical incident stress results from the crisis of a critical event such as a death of a loved one, a traumatic incident, or an officer-involved shooting. A crisis for an individual is defined as “the perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms” (James & Gilliland, 2013, p. 8). For a law enforcement officer, “Mitchell (1991) said that a critical incident is one in which the officer’s expectations of perfect performance suddenly are

This video depicts several things. First of all it shows exactly how outnumbered we are within our correctional facilities. Even before the overcrowding and high incarceration rates, correctional officers are and will always be outnumbered. Any given day, any given inmate may try and attack you or someone else. We put some of the most violent of offenders in isolated environments, away from privacy and things they want or need, emotions and tempers will flair.

Suicide among police officers is a dramatic example of what can happen when those entrusted with the protection of others fail to protect and care for themselves (Suicide and the Police Officer, 2006). Police officers tend to create an identify for themselves in order to seem powerful, in-charge, and unwavering in the line of duty, when in reality the persona that they create can lead to officers breaking down physically and mentally (McCord 368). After an officer joins the police force, they are expected to accept the fact that there will be violence and trauma in their line of work. There are no mental health checkpoints that officers are required to meet in order to continue working in these stressful conditions, forcing

The Unredeemed Captive- A Family Story From Early America, John Demos, Vintage Books, April 1995, New York

Two other egregious mishaps of overzealous SWAT team, Parenti say were a young mother killed as she attempted to run and shield her baby during an early morning raid by a Swat team (she was not a suspect in the case). Additionally, an overzealous SWAT raid lead to the death of a 56-year-old man who was shot as he jumped from his card table during a surprise raid by masked SWAT commandos. (No Drugs were found). (127). Parenti says, SWAT killings of the mentally ill are usually classified as suicide by cop. With their adrenaline going, Parenti says there are even incidents were Swat has shot at and killed

On November 4th, 1979, a group of enraged of Islamic revolutionists invaded the United States Embassy in Tehran. They had taken 60 Americans hostage for 444 days until President Ronald Reagan had taken Oath of office. It was nearly minutes after Reagan had taken office that they were released. Ayatollah Khomeini enforced an anti-Western Islamic theocracy, overrode the pro-Western monarchy of the Shah of Iran. Iran had felt that the United States was interfering with their internal affairs. They feared that they would return the Shah to power. The Shah had fled to mexico and the doctors there had uncovered that he was suffering an aggressive cancer. With this recent discovery they pushed the Shah to be admitted into a

The one that may be are antagonistic or violent toward the police, or who are intent on hurting themselves. When dealing with these types of people and situations the police can use a reasonable amount of force to protect themselves and others. Sometimes it is very difficult for officer and the public to understand what a reasonable amount really is. It may be something simple like pushing a offender down to the ground or something more physical like twisting a suspects arm and applying the arm bar maneuver.

In his 1979 state of the Union Address, President Jimmy Carter stated “We have no desire to be the world's policeman. But America does want to be the world's peacemaker.” However, nearing the end of Carter’s presidency the peace within the American Embassy located in Tehran, Iran was broken. 53 Americans were taken hostage by Iranian militants on November 4th 1979. The Iranian Hostage Crisis caused a loss of American confidence, caused Americans to view middle easterners differently forever, and also cost Jimmy Carter the chance of a second term.

Iranian hostility of United States can be traced back to the 1950s. The United States supported any regime that was not communist, even though they would be considered very unpopular with the people of their country. Because of this, Iran became an anti-communist country and the Shah became an ally of the United States. In 1950 the Shah left Iran when Mohammed Mossadegh was elected Prime Minister. After Mossadegh election, he used his authority and nationalized the oil industry in the country. This incident generated fear in the United States. The state department felt that communists could abuse this anarchy and Iran could turn against the United States. The Shah, who had been removed from power, contacted the United States and the Central

As many Stockholm victims, Hearst begins to depend on her captors and trust them. The victims may feel the kidnappers are their only source of food, water and shelter. The kidnappers may use these privileges as a reward and punishment system. Depending on the abductor and how long he may keep the person, they also begin to develop feel for the victim. The kidnapper may also lie to the victim, tell them all their family is dead, they are not wanted or their family is no longer looking for them.

When a group of radical Islamic students stormed the U.S. embassy in Iran and took the Americans working there hostage during the fall of 1979, the nation reacted with shock and outrage that far outweighed the necessary emotion for the situation. As David Farber writes in his book Taken Hostage, “The Iranian imbroglio, in fact, affected the American people less directly than any of the others…it happened faraway, and caused little immediate pain to any but the hostages…Yet, as measured by public concern, emotional outpouring, and simple fascination, the Iran hostage crisis captivated the American people more than any other of the era’s difficulties (1).” Why were Americans so impassioned about the crisis if it didn’t really affect them?

G. W Noesner & M Webster. (1997). Crisis intervention: Using active listening skills in negotiations. FBI L. Enforcement Bull.

Crisis situations are usually sudden, unexpected, life-threatening time-restricted incidents that may overpower a person’s ability to react adaptively. During these critical incidents, the extreme events may contribute to individual crises, traumatic stress, and even Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Generally, a crisis can be described as an incident that occurs when people are confronted with issues or problems that cannot be solved. The irresolvable incidents contribute to an increase in anxiety, tension, inability to operate for extended periods, and a successive state of emotional unrest. In the past few years, there have been various major events that have impacted the development and growth of crisis

Ronald D. Cretlinsten contends that torturers acquire the ability to cope with the moral dilemmas of inflicting pain upon and murdering their fellow humans primarily through the processes of “routinization” and “dehumanization”, and also through the notion of “authorization” (191). With such as the case, an individual adept in the art of torture would necessarily have learned to be cruel, however, that argument neglects the very reality that many engaged in such activities are intrinsically perverse, and in fact willingly and happily do harm to others.

Conflict is defined as the behaviour due to which people differ in their feelings, thought and/or actions. Collins (1995) states that the conflict is a ‘serious disagreement and argument about something important’ and also as ‘a serious difference between two or more beliefs, ideas or interests’ (cf. Kumaraswamy, 1997, p. 96). In general it is believed that conflicts are the underlying cause of disputes. In other words, dispute is a manifestation of the deep rooted conflict. A dispute is defined as ‘a class or kind of conflict, which manifests itself in distinct, justifiable issues. It involves disagreement over issues capable of resolution by negotiation, mediation or third party adjudication’