Introduction
To understand how an accelerometer works, one must first understand the concept of vibration. One example of vibration is sound. When an object vibrates and creates a disturbance in a medium, it creates a sound wave. The sound wave travels in sinusoidal form with certain frequencies. This affect was observed in this experiment with a guitar string, a motor, and a cell phone. The vibration of these systems can be measured with an accelerometer. The accelerometer converts mechanical acceleration to an electric signal.
To record the data measured by the accelerometer, the DAQ system LabVIEW was used. LabVIEW collected the time and frequency data from the plucked guitar string. An important aspect of the DAQ system is the sample rate, or the number of measurements it can make in a certain amount of time. It is an important parameter because without a high enough sample rate, highly dynamic behavior may not be recorded. Another problem with using an insufficient sampling rate is aliasing which is the misinterpretation of high frequency signals as lower frequency components. To prevent this, the sample frequency must be twice the highest frequency. Any signal in the system that is above the Nyquist frequency, which is half the sampling frequency, is subject to aliasing, or false frequency measurement. This means that the data is only reliable up to half of the sampling frequency. However, a sample rate that is too high leads to difficult data processing and noise
added to the limitations of the method. It could be argued that random sampling would provide a
(2) The type of sound wave used for this experiment was longitudinal waves in which the vibration occurs along the direction of propagation
3. Select a tuning fork and record the frequency (in Hz) in the data table. Record the data.
Thus, to be compatible with the accuracy of gyros and accelerometers currently in use, a rate table system must be capable of measuring and controlling angular velocities down to the order of 0.001 degree per second. Single-Axis test tables provide precise angular position, rate and acceleration for development and production testing of inertial components and systems.
After the positions were recorded for frequencies 1,803 Hz, 2,402 Hz, 3,002 Hz, 3,600 Hz, and 4,201 Hz, the wavelength was determined for each. This was done by subtracting the initial position from the final position (position final–position initial=wavelength). Using the calculated wavelength, the speed of sound in air at each frequency was determined by multiplying the wavelength by the frequency (speed of sound=wavelength x frequency). By adding the five speed values and dividing by the number of speeds, the average speed of sound was calculated. Then 344 m/s was used as the accepted
The aim of the experiment is to examine how the acceleration of the car differs when the angle of inclination of the ramp is amplified and to record and analyse findings.
* A bigger sample size should’ve been used to obtain more accurate and reliable results.
Sound is made if something vibrates. If something moves back and forth rapidly, the air moves too and makes waves. These movements are called sound waves or vibrations. Vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's ear. Make sound tubes to explore different sounds of objects. Connect movement by shaking the tubes fast, slow, etc.
The longitudinal vibrations also provide an acceleration within the spacecraft which
As an electrical engineer, it is only appropriate that I interview another fellow senior electrical engineer. I decided to interview one senior group consisting of Bryan Guner (Interviewee), Ralph Quinto and Haley Scott. I found Bryan during an IEEE meeting at TCNJ and realized he would be perfect for the interview. Their senior project is a software platform that digitizes a guitar signal then analyzes a sequence of notes played in time and triggers guitar effects at a desired time. However, the system must be able to tolerate inconsistencies between the performance where the system learns the song and the trigger points in the live performance. The primary goal is to produce a system that frees the guitarist to be anywhere on the stage when performing, rather than standing by the effects pedals.
An electrode is the sensor, which can recognize the voltage or electricity produced from the contraction of a muscle. Electromyography signals are measured in microvolts.1 The stronger a contraction is, the higher the voltage amplitude reaches. This voltage recognition information is then sent, either through wires or wirelessly, depending on the chosen type of electrode, to the microprocessor,which is a powerful microcomputer. The microprocessor has full computing capability, this allows for the integration of data quickly and commands are formed based on the incoming EMG signals. The microprocessor organizes the data received from the electrodes by origin of signal, meaning which electrode the signal came from, using an algorithm that is pre-programmed into the computer.17 The microprocessor also contains filter methods, programmed into the computer to enable the microprocessor to use only the desired signals. The signals must make it through these filters in order to be integrated and understood. Commonly, the filters screen any signals too low or high in amplitude, ensuring the movement is not inadvertent or too exaggerated, respectively.18 The algorithm, a mathematical matrices equation programmed into the microprocessor, allows for the integration of the incoming data and enables the microprocessor to translate received data into a command that
Doing this experiment, I have found 10 different times it takes our object to roll down a ramp of two math books and one science book. I have converted the seconds it takes for the object to roll down the ramp to the number of feet per hour it takes for the object to roll down the ramp. After I converted them to feet per hour, I created a frequency table and histogram to show my data I have
In this lab, the possibility of experiencing sources of was extremely high as pushing a car and calculating the acceleration easily invited interference in otherwise perfect results. It can be proven that there were multiple sources of error by the slope of the equation on the ‘Force vs. Acceleration’ group for this lab. While the slope of the linear trend line was 4084.798, the actual mass of the van and Mr. Simmons combined was 2450 kg. These sources of error include human error such as not keeping the acceleration constant, changing the force placed on the van, and by starting or stopping the timer late. In our lab, some pairs would start and stop in order to remain at the correct number of pounds on the vehicle; therefore, the car had inconsistent acceleration and the data did not accurately reflect the constant rate.
During our tests, we tested four string lengths, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm. We tested each of the string lengths three times. We released it from the 10-degree amplitude and did not add any washers to the pendulum. (We controlled all variables except string length). We timed 10 swings (back and forth) and then divided the swings [10] by the seconds for frequency. We then took the average of the frequencies of all three tests and averaged it for the final average frequency per string length.
The reason what we resorted to simple techniques to obtain necessary data is simply because high tech and accurate equipment is too expensive to buy, especially in Indonesia, where recourses are very limited. This would however lead to more variables than one might like, but this could easily be handled by controlling other key elements, making the data as reliable as possible.