How Apple Inc. 's Production Function

As you may recall from the chapter on production theory, in the early stages of production, a firm is expected to encounter increasing marginal product. As inputs are used for production, they become more specialized and the resulting efficiency gains cause production to increase more than proportionately. For example, suppose one worker was capable of producing one unit/hour. By adding a second worker, each worker

In this paper I am going to explain some of the key terms that companies need to keep in mind when operating their business. First, we will start with marginal revenue, which is defined simply as the extra revenue that is made for each additional unit of a product that is sold. This is directly related to marginal cost, which is what it costs the company to make that additional unit of product.

The Marginal Cost graph intersects the Average Total Cost graph and the Average Variable Cost graphs at their minimum points. As long as the cost of producing one additional unit remains less than average total cost, the average total cost continues to fall. When marginal cost finally exceeds average total cost, average total cost begins to rise in response. The same effect applies to the relationship between marginal cost and average variable cost.

An increase in unemployment and product prices will occur because when the workers are paid more, businesses will have to raise the prices of their goods in order to still make profit. This may lead to inflation as well. Seeing the law of demand, when the prices increase, buyers will purchase less. This will cause the demand curve to shift to the right (Hubbard and Anthony 2015). If labor is more expensive employers will be forced to hire less workers. As for supply, higher prices of supplies will create a surplus in supply, causing the curve to shift to the right (Hubbard and Anthony 2015). The higher the wage, the higher the number of workers willing to work but the number of workers hired will be lower. This increase in unemployment can hurt the prices of goods and services and businesses will have to allocate more money for wage, which makes the charge more for their products. Raising the minimum wage can lead to many consequences, it can even lead to a decrease in economic

2.5 Analyze the relationship between productivity and the cost of production. 2.6 Analyze the effect of changes in the supply of and demand for factors of production on the price of inputs. 2.7 Analyze the effect of changes in marginal revenues and costs on a firm’s profit-making potential.

In comparison, the marginal cost is the added cost of producing one more unit of output. It is determined by the change in total cost (TC) divided by the change in output (Q). MC= TC/Q. In the provided scenario, for Company A to produce one widget TC=$30, to produce two widgets TC=$50 thus the marginal cost was $20; furthermore the cost per widget to produce was $25. Marginal cost will continue to decrease for Company A until they reach their profit maximization of $42.86 per widget at 7 widgets. Marginal cost will then begin to decrease for every additional widget produced until the end result of 15 widgets with a MC that exceeds $80, also allowing TC to topple to TR ($1220/15=$81.33).

1. (Exhibit 1: Total Product) Between points A and B the marginal product of labor is:

In a competitive industry, suppose the marginal revenue product (MRP) of the last doughnut baker hired is $35, the MRP of the last bagel baker hired is $15, and a bakery must pay doughnut bakers $40 a day and bagel bakers $10 per day. To maximize profits the bakery should hire:

When there is a change of one of the factors of supply- like changes in the prices of production inputs like labour or capital; a change in production technology and its associated productivity change; or the amount of competition in a specific product market- there is a corresponding change in the supply curve. For example, if worker productivity improves due to some human capital or technology investment, then the costs of production decrease. This exerts a positive effect on the supply curve shifting it right, where the new market equilibrium is at a higher quantity and a lower price, holding everything else constant. There can also be a negative shift that moves the supply curve to the left, with the resulting market clearing price being higher and quantity lower, ceteris

"Labor market" can be defined as the mechanism in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers. In a labor market, wages, benefits and responsibilities of workers are bought and sold. Unlike traditional markets however, labor is not a good that can be differentiated by conventional rules of supply and demand. While workers are the suppliers and employers are the buyers, overall supply cannot be manufactured as people only have a limited amount of time in a day. Additionally, companies are strong and can often directly manipulate the market by setting strict labor rules, triggering potential reductions in any supply side

When the supply of labor is equal to the demand for labor, the labor market is in equilibrium at the intersection between the supply and demand curves. A rise in the money wage will decrease short-run aggregate supply and shift SRAS curve leftward while LRAS curve stay the same. The shift of SRAS curve will result in increase in labor supply while decrease the quantity of jobs. According to the macroeconomic model and basic supply and demand suggests that higher minimum wage will increase the unemployment rate, however many studies have found that increase in the minimum wage have had no measurable or negative effect on the employment and labor economy in the long

Changes in demand factors other than price of the good will result in a change in demand. An increase in demand is depicted as a rightward shift of the demand curve. An increase in demand means that consumers plan to purchase more of the good at each possible price. A decrease in demand is depicted as a leftward shift of the demand curve. Income is another factor that can affect demand. If a good is a normal good, increases in income will result in an increase in demand while decreases in income will decrease demand. If a good is an inferior good, increases in income will result in a decrease in demand while decreases in income will increase demand. Other factors affecting supply include technology, the prices of inputs, and the prices of alternative goods that could be produced. An advance in technology, a decrease in the prices of inputs, or a decrease in the prices of alternative goods that could be produced will result in an increase in supply. A deterioration of technology, an increase in the prices of inputs, or an increase in the prices of alternative goods that could be produced will result in a decrease in

(Key Question) In each of the following four cases, MRPL and MRPC refer to the marginal revenue products of labor and capital, respectively, and PL and PC refer to their prices. Indicate in each case whether the conditions are consistent with maximum profits for the firm. If not, state which resource(s) should be used in larger amounts and which resource(s) should be used in smaller amounts.

* The company has to suffer economical loss due to its cyclic nature of production. The production does not run at full efficiency every time. This leads to the waste of energy, money and resources.

I undersigned ………………………a student of T.Y.B.B.A., here by declare that the project work presented in this report is my own work and has been carried out under the supervision of prof. Kuldeep Jobanputra of R.P.Bhalodia College, Rajkot. This work has not been previously report submitted to any other university for any other examination.