How Campylobacter Jejuni Is The Most Common Cause Of Food Poisoning Essay

A healthy adult has over 1000 species of bacteria residing in the gut (1). There is great diversity in genera of these bacteria, however the most

The causes of campylobacter are undercooked meats. The food source of campylobacter are raw poultry. You can prevent yourself and others from receiving campylobacter by thoroughly cooking raw food, using a thermometer to be sure that the internal temperature reaches the necessary degree. One fact that you may not know about campylobacter is that the campylobacter species is spiral shaped.

- H. pylori has 4 to 6 "lophotrichous flagella" which are its favor in motility. Usually, the

My unknown organism #6 is Morganella morganii, which is a gram-negative bacillus rods commonly found in the environment and also in the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. (3, 5) This bacterium Morganella morganii, was first discovered in the 1906 by a British bacteriologist named H. de R. Morgan. (2) Despite its wide distribution, it is an uncommon cause of community-acquired infection and is most often encountered inpostoperative and other nosocomial settings. (2, 3) Morganella morganii infections respond well to appropriate antibiotic therapy; however, its

Citrobacter Freundii is a species of bacteria that can be potentially harmful to humans. It is known to cause meningitis by protruding into the brain and replicating itself (1). The Citrobacter species has also been found as a cause of some urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and even gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms (3). C. Freundii can be located in a wide variety of soils and water (3). Lastly, it is also the cause of many nosocomial infections due to its presence in water (1).

The purpose of this study was to determine what an unknown bacteria was using several different microbiology lab techniques including an API test, an oxidase test, a gram stain, a hanging drop slide, and morphology identification. The unknown bacterium, which was contaminated with Serratia marcescens, was isolated by streaking the bacteria solution to single colonies. The isolated unknown white bacteria, had the appearance of circular form, convex elevation, entire margin, elongated cocci. The tests than showed that the bacteria was gram-negative, non-motile,

Clostridia: rod-shaped, obligate anaerobes, some form endospores, produce potent toxins that cause a variety of diseases in humans. Important in medicine & industry (Botox & oral plaque). Examples of clostridia include C. tetani (cause tetanus), C. perfringens ( causes gangrene), C. botulinum ( causes botulism) and C. difficle (severe diarrhea). Microbes related to Clostridium include: Epulopiscium - a giant bacterium that can be seen without a microscope; Some clostridia are sulfate-reducing microbes – they produce H2S from elemental sulfur during anaerobic respiration; and Selenomonas – a Vibrio-shaped bacteria, live as part of the biofilm (plaque) on teeth of warm-blooded animals. Selenomonas is unusual because even though it has a typical gram-positive RNA sequence, it has a negative Gram reaction – stains pink.

The main objective was to identify an unknown organism by utilizing skills we learned in our labs this semester. The purpose was to attain the possible identity of the unknown organism by actually performing biochemical tests and staining techniques we learned in lab. After performing and analyzing the results, we were able to use Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology as a guideline to narrow down the genus of our organism test by test.

It has been identified the highest numbered of reported cases were in infants and children up to 14 years of age5. The most common of all disease was campylobacteriosis which was approximately 69% of cases being reported, followed by cryptosporidiosis which was approximately 115 of cases being reported, salmonellosis which was approximately 8% of cases, and verotoxin producing E. coli which was about 5% of the cases

The sheer diversity of the microbiota means that bodily disorders associated with the gut region (encompassing the stomach and intestines) are difficult to diagnose, and even harder to find the source of the disorder. Intestinal Bowel Disease (IBD) is a large category of bodily disorders associated with the gut. IBD most commonly manifests itself in two forms – Crohn’s Disease, and Ulcerative Colitis [1]. Crohn’s disease is arguably a more severe form of the disease, as the diseased tissue tends to go deeper into the intestines. Ulcerative Colitis, while still very detrimental and pain causing, causes inflammation of tissue at more of the surface level. The diseases affects a significant portion of the population, with a high rate of new cases discovered - between 20,000 and 100,000 people are diagnosed with types of IBD annually in North America [1]. The role of the microbiota in inducing intestinal diseases has been suspected.

“While motility is commonplace among the prokaryotes, it is important to note the variety of structures responsible for motility. These structures vary depending not only on the organism in question, but also on the particular environment” (Bardy, Ng, & Jarrell, 2003). “Study of the bacterial flagellum has provided insights into many aspects of prokaryotic cellular activities including genetics and regulation, physiology, environmental sensing, protein secretion and assembly of complex structures” (Bardy, Ng, & Jarrell, 2003). “Continued study of all prokaryotic motility structures will provide knowledge that is likely to reach far beyond the topic of motility and pathogenicity” (Bardy, Ng,

Bacteria, single-cell microorganisms, are found all over the planet. Some can be beneficial to their enviroment, while others can be pathogenic. Enterococcus faecalis is a resilient bacterium that resides in the intestinal tract of humans and mammals. Due to their ability to colonize at a rapid rate, E. faecalis cause a multitude of infections. To determine an unknown bacteria, one gram stain and two biochemical tests, a catalase and RBC hemolysis test, were performed. The gram stain showed gram-positive cocci bacteria, which lead to the catalase test. The test for

jejuni is part of the normal intestinal and genitourinary tract flora in many animals. Undercooked poultry, raw milk, and sick household animals are believed to be the cause of outbreaks.

Campylobacter enteritis is frequent in young children (<4 years of age) and in adults (15 – 44 years) (Ftizgerald and Nachamkin, 2011).

From the air we breathe to the water we drink to the food we eat, there are thousands upon thousands of bacteria that we interact with on a daily basis some are good and help us live healthy and productive lives, like the bacteria that is used to make and keep yogurt from spoiling (Wassenaar, 2002) . Now granted, not all bacteria are beneficial to us and can cause us a lot of harm. If bacteria are harming us, either by causing disease, contaminating our food, or harming the environment that we live in, one needs to identify the unknown bacteria so that the proper treatment and strategy can be developed to remedy the problem (Intrieri, 2014). In order to identify bacteria and other organisms, scientists have developed many different tests to differentiate microorganisms from each other their physical characteristics.