How Carbon Is Formed

2. The carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shells, its electrons will readily form a covalent bond, it will readily bond with other carbon atoms, and will also share more than one electron with other atoms are three characteristics of the carbon atom that are important in forming organic compounds.

The Carbon Cycle is a process necessary to all life forms as carbon is used for photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and is found in all living organisms. This process occurs naturally from cellular respiration, decomposition, and volcanic eruptions. However from burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees at a rapid pace carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere at an artificial rate. The overabundance of atmospheric carbon dioxide is causing for global warming. This global warming is causing extreme havoc to the Earth and all of its life forms. However this damage, although cannot be reversed, can be changed for the better.

It starts in the atmosphere, then moves, gets used, and placed into multiple different reservoirs. Nature causes the carbon to move through animals and plants. The fast carbon cycle is measured within a lifespan. It runs through the atmosphere, plants, animals, and soil. The slow carbon takes eons for carbon to move from the reservoirs, consisting of the surface ocean, deep ocean, and fossil fuels.“...takes between 100-200 million years to move” (Riebeeck p.2). Carbon that is stored into abiotic and biotic organisms, creates matter. Without carbon, fossil fuels wouldn’t be created (or anything alive, for that matter.) “Carbon is the backbone of life” (Riebeeck p.1). The carbon cycle somewhat regulates the concentration of carbon in one area by having multiple

For our science assessment we had the task to research about a metal of our choice. Since I am really into computers, I chose copper. A metal used in all kinds of wires, cpu’s and other stuff without a computer wouldn’t work. This fits really well into what we have to do for the second part, describe how this metal has helped human society.

It is interesting to note that Carbon-14 is radioactive while Carbon-12 and Carbon-13 are stable.

You can identify a long-trend in the data provided by Globalview because it provides you with different sources and data from different areas around the world. Humans have increased the release of CO2 by like cement production, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels.

Carbon has three naturally occurring isotopes, with 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radioisotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years.

Carbon has six total electrons; two of the electrons it has are in its first electron shell while the other four are its valence electrons. Due to its four valence electrons, it rarely gains and/or loses electrons and/or form ionic bonds due to the fact it would have to give away or take four other electrons. In order to complete its outer shell, carbons shares its valence electrons with other atoms by having four separate covalent bonds. The carbon atom then becomes the crossing point where each molecule branches off into four separate directions.Carbon’s electron configuration allows it to bond frequently with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. If the carbon atom forms only a single covalent bond, The electrons form so that its bonds angle towards an imaginary tetrahedron.

o Even though many functional groups exist, they essentially consist of only 3 main components.

PHS is in the implementing phase of principle 2.6.  Inquiry, problem-solving, and higher order thinking skills require learners to engage in questioning and  analysis through activities that prioritize deep understanding, creativity, making connections, understanding relationships, and dispositions such as independence, flexible thinking, and persistence and assessment experiences that are cognitively challenging and require learners to develop and exercise a full-range of thinking skills and learning dispositions.

Dimitri Mendeleev was considered the first chemist to discover that patterns would become apparent when elements were classified to their properties. Mendeleev’s adjustment of elements was the one and only due to his idea of leaving blank spaces for elements he believed were undiscovered in 1869. The purpose of the Mendeleev Lab of 1869 is to use knowledge of the periodic table in order to identify the undiscovered elements. Ultimately the whole idea is to observe, and draw conclusions to identify the elements. For instance, observing properties, samples, and trends will help us learn more about the periodic table also, learn more about the hidden elements of Mendeleev’s Lab.

Carbon has been known in ancient times in a variety of forms such as soot, graphite, diamond, and charcoal. However, scientist did not realize that all of these items shared the fact that they all contained carbon until 1772. In 1772, Antione Lavoiser named carbon as an element and completed a variety of experiments to learn more about it. Lavioser is credited with the discovery of carbon.

The chemical symbol for Cobalt is self-explanatory, Co. The word Cobalt comes from the Greek word for mine, cobalos. Cobalt is atomic number 27 putting it right in the

Iron is an important element to the scientific community, especially those involved in the branch of chemistry. Consequently, humans rely on iron for many different things. Iron is diverse from all other elements with regards to its natural occurrence, historic and contemporary uses, the origin of its name, and when, how, where, and by whom it was discovered. It also has unique characteristic physical and chemical properties. Without the discovery, and distinctive properties of iron, life on Earth would never be the same as it is now.

2a) Many characteristics allows carbon to be the base of biological molecules. Due to the four valance electrons carbon can bond with up to four other electrons in covalent bonds. This allows carbon to become the central point for many macromolecules. Carbon is also relatively small in size and is readily available on Earth. Carbon can also bin to other carbon atoms and can make single, double, or triple bonds. Due to this, long strings of carbon atoms can be created with seemingly no limit. The carbon-carbon bonds easily allow similar macromolecules with different functional groups. The shape of carbon-based macromolecules also easily vary. Shapes such as chains, rings, and branches are commonplace. With variance of shape, carbon can be the base for isomers; molecules with the same formula but different structures. Carbon is the only element on the periodic table that uniquely has all these characteristics.