Chapter 4
Chapter Review
Geography influenced the Greeks and Roman, as it did many other civilizations. The location of Greece was on a peninsula. This gave it plenty access to ports which enabled Greece to trade with lots of other peoples. Although in times of war they could be pushed further into the peninsula with nothing but sea all around them. This forced them to create ships and other seafaring vessels. Once again, as in India, mountains separated much of the region. This lead to the rise of City states, such as the great Sparta or Athens. As the city states developed so did a new form of government called democracy. A crude version of today's but nonetheless, a democracy. On the other hand, Rome was surrounded by a volcano
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Piety was the idea of loyalty/fidelity/attentiveness to one's household gods, family, and Rome. This motivated Greco-Roman culture to be “good”, for lack of a better word, to those around them, this increased communication among the civilizations and gave each citizen something to aspire to. The believe in barbarism.was also important because it put Greco-Romans above a so called lesser society. This made citizens feel obligated to be a higher standard of human and to be the best person they could be, as civilized as they could be. To sum, these principles allowed for growth as a civilization and growth in the individual …show more content…
In Athens all male citizens could be governments, but citizens were specially chosen and had a very small number to them. Women had more rights than in previous civilizations but still had no place in governments and did not normally mix with men . The upper class life of a women was spinning, weaving and watching over the slaves. Lower class men and women were expected to work for their living and slaves had zero rights. In Rome the patrician class ran the government affairs, the Plebeian class was all the free lower class peoples, the Equestrians were the bankers, and the lowest of people were the slaves. Slaves were the outright property of their owners. Patriarchal family were still a mainstay in the mediterranean with the husband as the authority over all male and female family members. Rome upper class women were often educated because education was seen as a desired trait.Greece and Rome were quite different in their views of how a women should act in society but their view of who was in charge was mostly the same as well as who was the family
Geography played a big role in determining the political units and economic institutions of Mediterranean society. The mountains interspersed throughout the Greek peninsula led to regionalism in the form of city-states. This was a departure from the centralized government of China. The fact that civilization developed along a peninsula also shaped Mediterranean culture. The ocean provided some protection from invaders and allowed for the advancement of trade.
Aside from these physical differences, there is a difference in the goals between the Greeks and the Romans. In the first case what concerns the Greek city-states is limited to self-preservation if not individual fame and success. The Romans, on the other hand, were concerned with the success of the country as a whole; they knew that if the whole was successful, then the individual parts would also benefit.
Moreover, the law did not allow women to hold office, but the men who held offices were allowed to seek counsel of their wives and this could only be done in private. Conversely, equality of men and women was more in the Roman society than it had been in the Greek culture.
The most important geographical feature would be the Mediterranean Sea. The people of Greece were able to develop trade using the Mediterranean Sea. They were not able to grow the staple crops, but were able to trade grapes and olive oil with others using the Mediterranean Sea. The most important geographical feature of Rome is rich farmland. Other geographic features include Tiber River, steep hills, and marshland.
Women in Ancient Rome enjoyed a slightly better life than those in Ancient Greece. Roman men "placed a very high value on marriage, home and the family and this made quite a difference to society's treatment of women" (Thompson, 2005). Women still were passed from their father's supervision to their husbands, but enjoyed a more important role. While women could not hold
As the Greek and Roman empires ascended immensely throughout the western world, new ideas changed the way the Mediterranean Society handled things, which were spread across the globe. “The rise of the series of city-states of classical Greece began in the ninth century B.C.E. and during the late sixth century B.C.E, Rome’s development as a republic began as Etruscan society declined”(Bentley et al, 2008 p.132, 145). The development of these empires encouraged cultural circulation, blending the culture of the two empires into the land it conquered. As Greece and Rome gained more territory within the Mediterranean society, they began to progress toward a more civilized order of humanity. How were they alike? How were they different? How did
Respectable Athenian women seldom left their homes. Only men could purchase goods or engage in soldiering, lawmaking, and public speaking. The societies of ancient Egypt and of the Greek city-state of Sparta provided a rare contrast. Both Egyptian and Spartan women could own property and engage in business. According to Dr. Peter Picone, the author of “The Status of Women in Ancient Egyptian” states “the Egyptian women seem to have enjoyed the same legal and economic rights as the Egyptian man”. Also he states that legal rights were on a class boundary more than a gender boundary. The Women of Sparta on the other hand were quite different from the women of their neighbor, Athens. As you well know, the women of Sparta were bold, freer, and well educated. Also with the Sparta women, everything depended up money, which would determine your rank in society. While some of the Spartan citizens have quite small properties, others have very large ones; hence the land has passed into the hands of a few. And this is due also to faulty laws; for, although the legislator rightly holds up to shame the sale or purchase of an inheritance, he allows anybody who likes to give or bequeath it. Yet both practices lead to the same result. And nearly women held two-fifths of the whole countries; this is owing to the number of heiresses and to the large dowries that are customary. The Women of Sparta on the other hand were quite
Gender roles and relationships of Greek were not equal. Women were seen as weaker begins and men had most of the control over the women. Women born of two Athenian parents were considered citizens with partial legal protection. They had the responsibilities for performing certain religious rituals of great important for the state. Unfortunately, like slaves, they were excluded from attending meetings of the assembly, holding annual public offices, serving
Athenian society was very dynamic in many areas while it was strict in regard to the treatment of women. Although Athenian women were protected by the state and did not know a different way of living, they were very stifled and restricted. The only exception was slaves, and heteria, prostitutes, and this was due to the fact that they had no male guardians. Since these women were on there own they had to take care of themselves, and therefore were independent. In a more recent and modern way of viewing the role of a woman, independence and freedom to do as one likes is one of the most important aspects of living. In Athens the wives had none of this freedom and the prostitutes did. Who then really had a “better”
In today’s society women are able to hold any position equal to that of a man. During ancient times, women were not given such opportunity. In basically all ancient civilizations, women did not have a role in society. This is especially true in ancient Greece. History has said that Athens is the place of freedom and democracy while Sparta is a restricted society. Though this might be true, that was not the case for women. Women in Homeric Greece and Sparta actually had more respect and freedom than those in Athens.
However, ancient Athenian and Egyptian women did have some similarities regarding their role in society. They were both allowed to become priestesses and attend religious ceremonies, even though there were different circumstances required at times. Low ranking government positions were made available to them if their husbands and therefore, by extension themselves, were considered to be upper class. Both were given the role as the main caretaker of the house in aspects such as cleanliness and upkeep, as well as caring for the children. Limited citizenship or none at all, depending on the husbands status in society, was granted to women in both ancient civilizations (Schaps 1979, 4-16; Joust 1989, 9-18; Harris 1992, 309-321; Robins 1993, 56-156).
In Athens, there was a lot of opportunity for a male. An Athenian male could become a scholar, poet, politician, or pretty much anything they wanted; but females on the other hand, didn 't have that power. Men was under the understanding that females were incapable of making reasonable decisions in the political world. The idea of gender equality was non-existent in the Athens society. As said by Historian Don Nardo “throughout antiquity most Greek women had few or no civil rights and many enjoyed little freedom of choice or mobility.” He also stated “aside from poetry, women’s writing survives only in private letters written on papyrus preserved by ancient of nature, only from Hellenistic and Roman Egypt.” (O’Pry 2012) Women in the Athens society that were in an upper class were
Greek civilization was built on solid foundation and led by skillful leaders that created the traditional customs and values that are still observed by modern societies. This is part of why the Greek civilization thrived and has been replicated by much of the world. One of the factors that influenced the developments of Greek civilization is its geography. The geographical features of ancient of Greece had an impact on its political, cultural, economic, and social growth. Three geographical features that affected Greece the most included the mountains, the seas, and the climate.
Greek Woman was considered to be submissive which means once you are married to a woman, then she is in your full control. The woman in ancient was not allowed to own the property, in one way we can also relate that the woman had fewer rights than the man because they could hardly express their feeling. The woman was not considered as the citizens.
Romans were a civilization that originated after the Greek culture. They, like Greeks, saw an extreme significance in the idea of a love for one’s country and loyalty. The Romans, however, were more concerned with public affairs such as education, sanitation, and health. They held a strong connection with their ancestors and wished to imitate what the ancient Romans did. Although Romans rejected the idea of a Rex, or king, they favored the common hero. They wanted a leader who a “regular Joe”, someone who was average and could still led an average life after doing extraordinary things. The Romans also had a very defined government that was broken into consuls, senate, and assembly. There were two consuls who served in place of the king as the leaders of the Roman Empire. Next in succession was the senate, comprised only of patricians who debated and passed legislation. Finally, there was the assembly made for the plebeians to approve laws.