How Did The Ancient World Sundials Work?

Ancient Greek astronomers made some amazing mathematical and philosophical discovers about our universe. From the Hellenistic Greek observations in approximately 300 B.C.E., to the invention of the first telescope in the seventeenth century, to the launching of today’s space probes, one thing is evident: astrological observations are imperative to creating a calendar.

Another dilemma there is the one day trials and variable jury size. When someone would be convicted of a crime the Athenians would have a trial until sunset and by then the jury would have reached a verdict. The jury was also a problem because of the size of it. They weren't always constant and therefore did not have consistent trials.

To start off the lab we did simple measurements with two different rulers, both measuring in centimeters but had different amounts of divisions on the second one making its measurements more precise. The first item to measure was a 13 x 100 mm test tube, again using the two different ruler’s metric ruler A and metric ruler B. After recording the measurements with the accurate rounding, we did the same steps to measure the diameter of a watch glass and an evaporating dish.

Most agree though, that it offers a graphic representation of the Mexica cosmos’ (Palfrey). In The Aztecs, Smith sums up what is to be believed the thought of the Aztecs when they carved the calendar stone “The Aztec calendar stone conveyed the message that the Aztec empire covered the whole earth (territory in all four directions), and that it was founded upon the sacred principles of time, directionality, divine warfare, and the sanction of the gods” (Smith 270). Keeping the Aztec calendar is proof of ancient cultures mathematical and scientific achievements without the aid of modern technology. The study of the sun stone could lead to further advances in mathematics and acts as a road map to our celestial bodies from that era of our history.

When Banneker was 22, he borrowed a pocket watch from a neighbor, took it apart, drew a picture of each component, put it back together, and then returned it. Banneker then proceeded to carve, out of wood, enlarged replicas of each part. Figuring out the proper number of teeth for each gear and the necessary relationships between the gears, he made a working wooden clock that kept accurate time and struck the hours for over 40 years until it was destroyed in a house fire.

We all use counters every day. Whether it be in our watches, or even something like our washing machines, digital counters are found in nearly anything that involves timing (Electronics Hub, 2015).

Print out the image of a clock and open the spreadsheet called Grapher. You will find both of

Observation that pendulum clocks were affected by summer that the thermal expansion and contraction of the pendulum was changed by changing the temperature which was a large source of error, this error was solved by George Graham when he invented the temperature-compensated pendulum back in 1721 and the gridiron pendulum by John Harrison in 1726.Pendulum clocks remained the world standard for timekeeping accuracy for over 200

Modular Arithmetic has a connection to the history of the clock. From research, we came

After the whole set up is done we will switch on the lamps, measure the initial length of water and start the stopwatch after as we see 2 or 3 bubbles (which signify process has started).

John and James Harrison created the clock. It started in the 1700s when ships had no idea where they were going in the sea and were crashing into various things. The sextant used latitude but the ships used knots to tell their longitude. However, using knots became inaccurate. For example, a group of five ships made a wrong navigation and four of those ships sank; 2,000 men Sam, from those 4 ships. As the Harrison's starting to make their clocks there were three thinks that they needed: a wheel, time regulator, and a power source. These clocks became more and more accurate, they really changed the world, and people couldn't live without them.

Midnight could be determined by using a nocturnal, a tool which tells the time of the night by the rotation of the stars around the celestial pole. These ways of navigation helped

developed by Demetrius whose lifespan is 460 - 370 B.C.E. His theory has since been

The first mechanical clock was made in 723 A.D. by a monk and mathematician I-Hsing. It was an astronomical clock and he called it the "Water Driven Spherical Birds-Eye-View Map of The Heavens". In a few years after it was built the bronze and iron mechanism started to corrode, and in cold weather the water would freeze. In 976 A.D. Chang

Undoubtedly, builders of megalithic structures were concerned about the problem of precise astronomical estimation of time intervals less than 24 hours. Not without reason in the center of the Stonehenge there is a stone “gnomon”, the sun-dial obelisk. The most ancient descriptions of sun-dials in Egypt were found in texts dating back to the time of Pharaoh Tutmos III (16th century BCE). Museum collections include a lot of ancient sun-dials, however probably the oldest sun-dial is a carved stone from the time of Pharaoh Mernepht (13th century BCE) found in Palestine. In case of ancient sun-dials they used to tell the time not by direction of the shadow but by the length of shadow. In Egypt many high ancient obelisks have a special marking around