How Do Urban Planners Use Zoning

With the advent of automobiles, post the second World War, the design of cities started focusing more on the use cars. Architects conformed to the municipal zoning ordinances

“Racial tension became paramount as city officials promoted and perpetuated racial division by supporting segregation and discrimination in housing, employment, and social services” (Massey & Denton 39). Various types of residential controls contributed to the problem of residential segregation. One such tool for segregation was the establishment of zoning. Zoning was introduced in New York City in 1916 and encouraged by the U.S. Department of Commerce through the publication of the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act in 1922. Zoning proponents argued:

Many of the housing uses zoning power delegated by government officials to assure that certain races such as blacks don’t move into their neighborhood. Zoning power is regulating the use of land by state governments and local governments to exercise authority over privately owned real

The zoning by-law has been changed based on the city requirements and feeling necessity on living space improvement. For example, fifty years ago, the most single family dwelling was constructed as bungalow with one bath, no garage and living area about 1000 SqFt, but the transition shows two storey dwelling with garage, more bathrooms and living area more than 3000 SqFt in the subject property area.

The Iowa City Zoning Code was designed to be developed together with the Iowa City Comprehensive Plan; the goal is to stimulate the progress of a better quality of life for the population. Moreover, the regulations cover the provisions of the law for land use control in Iowa City. The document regulates the land use authorization for each of the zones and details the specific areas outlined in Iowa City. There are many land use area in the Iowa City Zoning Ordinance, as shown in Map 1 (Appendix C). However, this document will cover the use of residential land and will explain three of them: the Low-Density Single-Family Residential Zone (RS-5), Medium Density Multi-Family Residential Zone (RM-20), and Neighborhood Stabilization Residential

First, rezoning action is quasi-judicial in nature, subject to strict scrutiny on certiorari review. Second, a landowner who demonstrates that proposed use of the property is consistent with comprehensive plan is not presumptively entitled to such use. Third, a landowner seeking to rezone a property has burden of proving that proposal is consistent with the comprehensive plan, and consequently burden shifts to the zoning board to demonstrate legitimate public purpose of maintaining existing zoning classification. Finally, the board is not

Different areas of the private sector took control of the racial segregation. Areas such as real estate, banks, labor, and toxic waste locations have participated in some way to continue the segregation and inferiority of people of color. “African Americans and other communities of color are often victims of land-use decision making that mirrors the power arrangements of the dominant society” (Bullard [1994]2004:269). The land-use decisions are used by the real estate industry. The real estate industry along with the bank industry have worked together in order to make it almost impossible for people of color to acquire their own homes. When individuals of color do obtain their own homes the real estate industry corrals them all into one zone. Then the banks charge homeowners in these zones high interest rates on the mortgages needed to maintain their home ownership. “Zoning is probably the most widely applied mechanism to regulate urban land use in the United States” (Bullard [1994]2004:269). When people of color are corralled into a neighborhood the quality of the neighborhood is diminished. The

There are three types of zoning changes: general zoning change, planned development district (PDD), and specific use permit (SUP). Each has a different process and requirements.

The purpose of gentrification is to take struggling neighborhoods and stabilize them by investing in the neighborhood. Gentrification is “the rehabilitation and settlement of decaying urban areas by middle- and high-income investors.” (The Columbia Encyclopedia). These investors raise the value of the neighborhood by improving facilities and making the neighborhood look better. This doesn’t always benefit everyone since some citizens get displaced. However, the number of people displaced is very minor in

Mandatory inclusionary zoning violates the Takings Clause of the 5th Amendment. The Takings Clause of the 5th Amendment allows for the government to exercise eminent domain. Simply put, the government exercise police power to “take” property from a private owner for a public use to meet a public need, provided that the private owner is properly compensated (Cross & Miller, 2012). Successful arguments against a “taking” would focus on whether there was a legitimate purpose for the taking,

By considering if the industrial use is a nuisance in a residential area, the court reaffirmed the zoning ordinance was created to establish how land uses should be grouped and organized to protect the community from future nuisances.

A zoning ordinance was adopted by the Village of Euclid on November 13, 1922 which divided the village into multiple districts and specified exactly what type of buildings were to be built in each district, specifically the use of buildings and their height and FAR. Ambler’s land spanned multiple districts of land and so Ambler’s ability to construct buildings on its land was severely limited, per the zoning ordinance. Ambler claims that this restriction has reduced the market value of their land from $10,000 to $2,500 per acre.

Zoning & Zoning Variances: Problems with zoning can prevent from developing your property in certain ways and for certain purposes. Zones are assigned specific laws and regulations you will be required to adhere to along with

When new development or renovations on empty lots begin the citizens of the communities start asking amount them who will be the beneficiary of the gentrification. Even the displaced of mom and pop businesses are disappear. And the neighborhood no longer can afford to leave on such communities. The question is how does gentrification impact the government? Well, government plays a big role in serving low income to citizens. It create apartment that an affordable to them. It doesn’t impact the government on a negative way because they generate new policies and programs that help the people from the community. So, many types of local and states polices are design to accommodate affordable houses, even though the cost are increasing. One of the several program that the government had is one called “inclusionary zoning” (IZ). The characteristics for this program are: “(1) whether they are mandatory or voluntary, (2) what size or type of development projects are affected, (3) the required share of affordable units, (4) the

Planning challenges: For Planners, the expanding human settlement and land use bring a range of specific challenges, such as housing people, creating employment and providing physical and social infrastructure while minimizing potential land-use conflicts and environmental impacts.