How Does Caffeine and Nicotine Affect Daphnia magna
Introduction:
The experiment conducted primarily focused on the heart of the Daphnia magna and how it is affected by caffeine and nicotine. The organism is transparent this key feature is ideal for a model organism. During the experiment a total number of four organisms were treated with caffeine and nicotine. Caffeine is a stimulant of the nervous system. (Caffeine. 2015) Caffeine is present in highly consumed products such as coffee, tea, chocolate, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. (Caffeine Uses. 2014) The stimulant has a side effect of increasing heart rate in humans. (Howell, Lopez, Marshall, & Peters 2003) Nicotine is another stimulant found in tobacco. It widely affects agriculture and is consumed by many people. (What Effect. 2015) A common side effect of Nicotine is an increase of heart rate. (What Effects. 2015) Studies have shown that both nicotine and caffeine increase heart rate in humans. The question to answer is how does it impact the heart rate in other organisms? More specifically how will these substances interact with Daphnia manga’s heart rate? Since caffeine and nicotine increase heart rate in humans it was hypothesized that it will increase the heart rate in Daphnia magna
Background:
Daphnia magna is primarily found in freshwater and brackish environments. (Elenbass 2013) Daphnia are commonly known as “water fleas” due to their small body form and hyperactivity. Daphnia move very rapidly in
After completing the experiment we found that when we gave the Daphnia caffeine the heartbeat rate did show an increase. However, we also found that alcohol also increased the number of times the heart beat. Even though we performed all of the experiments very carefully, we cannot be certain that the effect we saw was due to the drugs. Perhaps the change in heartbeat rate is caused by
Then using a disposable pipette we placed two drops of room temperature water (21 degrees) on top of the Daphnia. Then placing it careful under the microscope with a for 15 seconds using a tally counter and clicked away how many heart beats we observed and did this three times for three trials, in between the times would give the daphnia a two minute recovery period. We then would process the trials information and calculate an average. After the information calculated we then multiplied our results by four to see the average heart beats per minute with room temperature water. We gave the daphnia five minute to recover then went on to proceed with two drops of hot water (40 degrees celsius) placed on top of the Daphnia using the pipette. Again three trials for 15 second using the tally clicker following after a two minute break. The same followed for the cold water (0 degree celsius) placing two drops on top of the Daphnia administered by pipette. In between the transitional water temperature trials we then cleaned up the excess water before placing new drops of water by gently soaking up the water with kimwipes. After five minutes we tallied the heartbeats of the Daphnia before administering the epinephrine. Then again gently gave two doses of epinephrine using a new pipette. Then after we observed and tallying the heart beats before administering the epinephrine, three times again recording our results then averaging it. Then we placed two drops of the epinephrine on top of the daphnia, tallying the heartbeats and recording and calculating our trial results. Then after two minutes we observed and tallied the effects after the epinephrine had been used. Each trial again consisted of observation under the microscope, tallying and observing the behavior internally and externally of the
Daphnia magna also commonly known as water fleas are tiny freshwater crustaceans. They are filter feeders, and can survive in culture by eating algae, bacteria, or yeast. They feed plankton and detritus. There are about 1.5-5mm long. Daphnia Magna have a brood chamber where eggs are located. Daphnia magna are located in freshwater areas throughout northern hemisphere and south Africa.
From figure 5 it can be seen that before the addition of epinephrine, Daphnia had an average heart rate of 277.663+/-18 heart beats per minutes. However, when epinephrine was added, the average heart rate was decreased to 291.467+/-57 heart beats per minute. However, after performing Mann-Whitney U test, it was found that after the addition of epinephrine, no significant difference was observed in Daphnia's heart beats.
The following was the procedure used by the team that introduced chemicals into the environment of the Daphnia. First a zero reading was taken before any chemicals were introduced. The zero reading was an observation of the Daphnia’s heart rate before any substances were administered. All fluids were drawn off the slide using the corner of a Kimwipe. Then two drops of two percent alcohol solution were dropped onto the Daphnia. After a minute a heart rate reading was taken. The same procedure, including using the Kimwipe to draw off previous solution, was then used with four, six, eight, and ten percent solutions. A heart rate reading was taken after each solution was introduced.
To conduct this study a culture of living Daphnia were collected from a nearby natural water source area.
My hypothesis was, as the concentration of alcohol increases the lower the heartbeat of the Daphnia will fall. To test my prediction I carried out 25 individual experiments which were all carried out using the same procedure but varying the alcohol concentration of the solution. To investigate how alcohol concentration affects the heartbeat of Daphnia I recorded the heartbeat of 25 Daphnia for a period of 7 minutes. This included 1 minute before submersion in alcohol, 3 minutes during submersion in alcohol and 3 minutes after submersion in alcohol. I then found the percentage decrease of the heartbeat of the Daphnia from the resting heart rate.
The purpose of this lab was to determine the normal heart rate of a Daphnia Magna and decipher the different effects that various substances had on it. A Daphnia Magna is a species of water fleas and can be located in the Northern United Sates against the coastline of the Atlantic in rocky pools. The water flea’s habitat consists of rivers and streams, temporary pools, lakes and ponds, and brackish water. The Daphnia Magna range from two to five millimeters in length and are shaped like a kidney bean (Elenbaas, Molly). Relating to this lab experiment we learned in class that the normal heart rate is measured anywhere between 60 and 100 beats per minute (BPM). If your resting BPM is measured at a level above the number 100 it is known as Tachycardia. This term indicates that your heart level has exceeded the normal range. Also if your heart rate is indicated below 60 then it is called Bradycardia, which means the heart is beating slower than normal. When your heart rate is affected by a substance in the body it is called a Chronotropic agent. When the heart rate decreases because of a substance or chemical it is called a negative Chronotropic and when it is affected oppositely by increasing it is known as a positive Chronotropic agent. In this experiment we added many different substances to the slide on which the water flea was placed to calculate the increase or decrease in its heart rate due to the ingredients in the substances. The first substance used was
The effects of caffeine and alcohol on daphnia are expressive of whether these substances are harmful or beneficial to the organism. By understanding the results of this experiment, it may also be understood how these substances effect humans. In this study, one daphnia was exposed to increasing levels of alcohol, while the other was exposed to increasing levels of caffeine, each in order to test the hypothesis that when given amounts of caffeine and alcohol, the daphnia will be affected the same way a human would. The effect of each substance was measured by the daphnia’s heart rate one minute after the substance was added. Results reveal that alcohol slows the heart rate, while caffeine increases heart rate. Furthermore, caffeine shows a
The heart serves an important purpose within the body, pumping blood throughout the circulatory system to supply all parts of the body with vital nutrients and molecules. It pumps oxygen and nutrient rich blood to be exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is then pumped to the lungs and eliminated from the body. The movement of blood throughout the body is due to the heart’s ability to push blood along the circulatory system at a steady, unfaltering rate. This rate, known as heart rate, is regulated and can be altered at a moment’s notice by signaling within the body and heart itself. In vertebrates, the autonomic nervous system controls and regulates heart rate. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subunits, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nerve that innervates the heart is the vagus nerve. In this laboratory experiment, the regulation of heart rate was observed by studying a certain breed of turtle, the Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Both chemical and electric signaling can influence the components of the nervous
In this experiment we find how caffeine can affect the heart rate of a culture Daphnia. Heart rate of a living organism’s can vary depending on the individual, age, body size, heart conditions, medication use and even temperature. This report will examine if the caffeine is good or bad for the living organism’s health and body. And discuss about where the caffeine is produced and used in daily life of human beings and on the environment. Daphnia is a water flea used in this experiment because of its genomic infrastructure with wide range of phenotypic diversity. This quality of Daphnia makes them a versatile model for the experiment. Also their transparent body allows the experimenter to visually see how the heart beats and count them under the light microscope during the experiment as required. The heart rate of Daphnia is monitored under different concentration of caffeine solution and the results are shown in a table and a graph. Experiment carried out to locate the effects of caffeine on a heart rate of Daphnia may or may not be a predictor of change in human heart rate under caffeine. The effects of caffeine can also be tested on humans but those experiment involving humans contains high risk, as Daphnia can only live for a short period of time and in nature most of them get eaten within their first few days or weeks of life.
This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism’s body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel near the posterior end of the worm to give better readings. The various drugs were exposed to the black worm and the effects it had on the pulsation rate were observed. The results found in this experiment could also relate to the effects of these
From these results it is impossible to determine the effect of nicotine on blood flow. No correlation can be found between our results and the results of the other groups. Many factors may have contributed to this incongruent data. Likely taking the fish out of its natural environment triggered its sympathetic response causing blood flow to
Nicotine, one of the most unusual psychoactive drugs known, and the primary pharmacological agent of addiction in cigarettes, triggers powerful physical and psychological reactions in species as diverse as cockroaches and humans.
Drugs have a poor effect on Tetrahymena cells. Previous research has used dibucaine, a type of drug that illustrates the fact that drugs remove cilia from the cells (Thompson, 1974, 255). This gives a sense that drugs remove the cilia on the Tetrahymena cell. When the Tetrahymena cell is exposed to a lot nicotine, Tetrahymena tends to stop feeding. This was proven in prior studies which suggested that phagocytosis is disturbed when cells are exposed to nicotine (Pomorski, 2004, 1994). More nicotine in cells is proportionally related to more cilia loss. This was found to be true when researchers studied the effect of nicotine in mice. They realized that mice exposed to smoke for 1.5 months had similar amounts of cilia for a mouse that was not exposed to nicotine, while a mouse exposed to nicotine for 12 months had almost a complete loss of cilia (Simet et al., 2010, 637). Cilia length decreases as more nicotine gets into the cell over time as seen in smokers which affects functions of the cell (Leopold et al., 2009,5). Different organisms exposed to nicotine produce similar effects to that of Tetrahymena. The unicellular eukaryote Amoeba proteus went through changes when exposed to nicotine like contractions, protrusions and blebbing and then the