How Does Obesity Affect Kidneys

Obesity has been related to high blood pressure, heart disease, respiratory problems, gallstones, insomnia, and some cancers (http://www.fdu.gov/bbs/topics/CONSUMER/CON0007Q.html). Some doctors prescribe liquid diets to patients unable to digest solid foods; however, the majority of liquid diets are used for the purpose of losing weight.

Obesity can lead to a number of different health issues, one of the least deadly but most popular is high blood pressure. One half of Americans aged 55-64 have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stoke- and two in five are obese according to Health, United States 2005(Obesity, High Blood Pressure). High blood pressure is an increase in the amount of blood your heart is pushing through the body with every heartbeat. The increase in pressure thickens the heart muscle, which makes it work harder, while as the heart, muscle thickens the harder it is to contract and relax. This strain on the heart over time could lead to heart failure. High blood pressure is a very common effect obesity has on the body simply because the more a person weighs the blood is being pushed throw the body. Of course, there are medications that can lower high blood pressure, although losing weight for an obese person with high blood pressure is a more recommended remedy. With high blood pressure, there is a far more likelihood of having a heart attack.

Obesity is linked to a wide range of diseases, most notably diabetes (type two), heart disease and stroke. Diabetes is a disease in which the body’s sugar level is too high. As researched stated “overtime, high blood sugar levels damage nerves and blood vessels leading to complications such as heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death among people with disease”. Stunkard, A. J (1980), p. 46.

According to National Kidney Foundation (2010), the majority of people with diabetes tend to develop kidney disease. This is probably the result of poor or improper dietary and life-style practices, although genetics seem to be a factor. This makes it the single leading cause of kidney failure. High blood pressure/Hypertension is another pre-disposing factor of kidney failure. This disease is also aggravated by improper dietary and life-style practices. High blood pressure/Hypertension speeds up the loss of kidney function and eventually leads to kidney failure. It also appears to have genetic and familial factors (National Kidney Foundation, 2010).

Obesity is responsible for a long list of illnesses and health. A few of these health complications include hyper tension, high cholesterol, certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes. Health issues such as strokes, sleep apnea and coronary artery disease are often associated with obesity as well. There are many factors

well treated, it can lead to certain forms of cancer and diabetes. With dietary man-

Diabetic Nephropathy often begins with hyperglycemia due to an increase of osmotic pressure (William & Hopper, 2011). It then leads to cell expansion and an increase in glomerular filtration rate or (GHR) (William & Hopper, 2011). Thus, kidneys will then receive less blood supply due to atherosclerosis of blood vessels (William & Hopper, 2011). Protein then will leak into the urine due to the capillaries in the glomerular thickining (William & Hopper, 2011). Theses patients most often have problems completely emptying the bladder of urine (William & Hopper, 2011). Most often they will report massive edema and nephrotic syndrome due to the high levels of protein in the urine (William & Hopper, 2011). The patient at this

Moreover, a retrospective study published in 2012 also showed a decrease in mortality with increased BMI in ARDS patient. In this study, 751 patient with ARDS were recruited and the mortality rate associated with acute kidney injury were measured (Soto et al., 2012). The result showed obesity is associated with development of acute kidney injury in ARDS patient but the mortality rate is associated with increased BMI. This study suggest that obese patient are protected because they has lower APACHE III and SAPS II scores and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, hypertension also showed a protective effect that are also prevalent in obese people. Therefore, higher BMI play a protective role in ARDS may be reasonable.

This could make you more prone to increasing your susceptibility to diabetes later in life.

This is because the kidney contains many blood vessels, and any disease that damages these also affects the kidney. It is also known that even mild cases of high blood pressure or having slightly elevated blood sugar levels can still increase a person’s risk for kidney problems. Managing these conditions helps minimize the risk of damage to these critical organs.

Kidneys work rapidly throughout the day filtering out the toxic wastes that go through the body. The kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood per day. That is three liters getting filtered 60 times per day. But my question is does having diabetes and hypertension affect the filtration rate in the kidneys?

One of the diseases is diabetes mellitus which is a major cause of renal failure. This disease can be defined as an increase of fasting blood glucose that is affected by a deficiency in insulin hormone. The normal range for glucose (fasting) in the blood is 2.8-6.0 mmol/L. It is classified into two groups, type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Stein (2008, p.6) points out that kidney failure happens most often when patients have suffered from diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years. According to United States Renal Data System (USRDS) report in 2007, approximately 44% of primary causes of renal failure is diabetes mellitus in the United States in 2005. Also, Stein (2008) indicates that 15% of dialysis patients are influenced by diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom. Diabetes mellitus has negative affects throughout the kidneys where the increase of the range of blood sugar causes the damages to the cells in the kidneys. This leads to the presence of the glucose in the urine which is known as glycosuric.

In recent years, the number of people that diagnosed with clinical obesity has dramatically increased. Although, what are the factors that can influence a person to become obese? Hyperphagia is related to obesity? Those are some crucial questions that this paper will try to answer. “Obesity is a medical and psychological condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health’’ (World Health Organization,2017). One widely used measure of obesity is body mass index (BMI), correlates in direct measures to body fat and height (Gazzaniga,2015). Recent evidence suggests that people with BMIs over 35-45 were most likely to die (Flegal, Kit, Orpana, & Graubard,2013).

Kidney transplantation is the pioneer discipline in solid organ transplantation. It is the best therapeutic modality for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Morbidity and mortality have been significantly reduced by attention to pre-transplantation evaluations. (1) Increased body mass index (BMI) has been documented to be a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality among ESRD patients. The effect of obesity in kidney allograft survival remains controversial. (2)

also a leading cause of new cases of blindness, end stage kidney disease, and foot or