The Dualism of Catherine Earnshaw’s Character in Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is a work marked by a complexity of characterization. Perhaps most complex of all is Emily’s portrayal of Catherine Earnshaw as a victim and a victimizer. With such qualities, Catherine’s character was violently at odds with ideals of the Victorian womanhood. Namely, that a woman should be a passive, obedient, and an angel in the house. (Towheed, 2012). Indeed, not major characteristics of Catherine Earnshaw. However, while being a victimizer, Catherine’s brutality could be justified in a way that would not affect one’s own sympathizes for her. Notably, Catherine’s first victim is herself. Her character was marked by a divided self, an idea that was emphasized by Helene Moglen (1971). She was shattered between a desire to remain a free, wild child and her aspiration to maintain her family status and respectability. Identically, this struggle is also evident in her divided attraction for both Heathcliff and Edgar Linton. According to Correa …show more content…
This certainly had an influence on the second Catherine’s character formation and her susceptibility to the later manipulation she encounters. Nevertheless, while many critics saw that young Cathy had enjoyed a harmless childhood with her father, her journey towards maturity and womanhood is anything, but safe or healthy. In fact, she falls into the list of her mother’s victims for being both the subject of Heathcliff’s contempt and a tool in his revenge. After enjoying a calm and innocent childhood under Mr. Edgar’s supervision, young Cathy undergoes seduction, manipulation, incarceration, forced marriage and eventually maltreatment by Heathcliff. Nonetheless, in spite of Catherine’s temperamental behavior and her victimization of several characters in the novel, Catherine can be also seen as victim of the Victorian social
One of the most dramatic scenes in the book is the death of Catherine. The first signs of her failing health physically and mentally come when she locks herself up in her room after Heathcliff and Edgar's fight. She fasts herself into a delirium, pulling out pillow stuffing and seeing faces in the mirror. Unlike ordinary death, which comes quick and painlessly, Catherine's slowly wastes her away into a ghost. About seven months later, she dies at childbirth, but returning to haunt Heathcliff. The main cause for Catherine's death is not childbirth, although it may have been the final contributor. Ironically, because of the spiritual link between Heathcliff and her, it is their separation that killed her. Brontë punishes the sinned by slow death, having the guilty put the wrath upon themselves. She also brings in the supernatural to prove that even at death, there is no peace. The precise description of the moments before Catherine's death emotionally charges and further involves the reader. Like Catherine, Heathcliff dies in a similar fashion, except his sufferings prior to death lasted eighteen years. He explains to Nelly, "What does not recall her [Catherine]? Those two [Catherine Linton and Linton Heathcliff] are the only objects which retain a distinct material appearance to me; and, that appearance causes me pain, amounting to agony." This is consistent because he has sinned the most of all
Heathcliff is abused; his only source of love is his dearest Catherine, yet even that love cannot thrive in Heathcliff’s environment. The problem is not that his love is unrequited, but rather that Catherine believes she would fall to ruin if she were to be with Heathcliff “It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him---because he's more
Catherine’s crisis starts with her decision to marry Edgar Linton. “Yes, and it worries me, and I must let it out! I want to know what I should do. To-day, Edgar Linton has asked me to marry him, and I've given him an answer. Now, before I tell you whether it was a consent or denial, you tell me which it ought to have been.”(77) Catherine starts to worry about the decisions she made because she realized she loves Edgar but not nearly as much as she loves Heathcliff. Cathy went on to admit this saying “Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton’s is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.” (80) She knows she shouldn't marry Linton because she loves Heathcliff more than anyone else, but she does
Although characterized as a violent individual, Heathcliff’s love for Catherine exemplifies a lot of aspects of sympathy. The sorrow he was faced with when he overheard Catherine said that marrying him would degrade her, ultimately resulting in his
Another aspect which is relevant today and forever it shall remain relevant is selfishness. Catherine's selfish character was depicted when she wanted both Edgar and Heathcliff at the same time. In the beginning, she was introduced as a 'high spirited' character who was wild. However, she drastically changes throughout the book. When she hurts her leg and is forced to stay at Thrushcross Grange, she returns to Wuthering Heights as a well dressed and dignified lady. She was easily swayed to the superior lifestyle of the Lintons and began to look down upon Heathcliff. She even laughs at his rough and dirty appearance and says "I didn't mean to laugh at you. I could not hinder myself Heathcliff. Shake hands at least! What are you sulky for? It was only that you looked odd. If you wash you face and brush your hair, it would be alright. But you are
The culture of set societal rules and conventions urges Catherine to be with Edgar, compelling her to be ‘the greatest woman of the neighbourhood’ due to them being relatively firm in their gentry’s status. This suggests the importance of her social status against the nature of her love for Heathcliff stating, ‘we would be beggars’, through employing the word ‘beggars’ the reader crafts the idea of her belief that she won’t survive without her status. Catherine admits ‘It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him’ Thus implying a swelling sense of her vanity and pride; enough to enjoy the position she gains from being married to Edgar despite her admiration for Heathcliff, being ‘more than (herself) than (she is)’and
Catherine dies two hours after prematurely delivering her daughter. This was caused by a highly emotional conversation with Heathcliff (Bloomfield 295). Catherine was set up for a mental illness based on how the upper class women were seen during the Victorian Era. Catherine’s death would have been seen as a mark from the devil because of her seizures and delirium were seen as punishment (Bloomfield 297). Catherine’s ID, Ego, and Super-Ego were constantly battling each other, eventually driving her to insanity. Catherine’s death changes the plot of the story and Heathcliff’s life (Bloomfield 291).
During the mid to late eighteenth century, gender roles had a large influence on everyday life in Northern England. As a result, confinement, both physical and psychological, was a tool used to exert power over others. This is seen in both Catherine and Heathcliff’s multiple confinements of others and themselves throughout the novel. Jamie S. Crouse describes Catherine’s confinements as more detrimental to herself whereas Heathcliff’s are more masculine and destructive to others as he seeks to establish control over anyone who stands in his way. Their methods are intriguing as their motives and actions display the effect of gender roles and isolation as they grow up. During their youth, Catherine and Heathcliff were both children who went out
Furthermore, when Heathcliff returns, Catherine should take no interest in trying to rekindle her feelings for him as Edgar had been putting in effort to make their marriage work 'Mr. Edgar had a deep-rooted fear of ruffling her humour' Up until this scene the couples were getting along and if Catherine had concealed her zealous behaviour towards Heathcliff then the calm atmosphere would have remained. Catherine rudely ignores her husband's presence to the extent that he demands the disrespectful behaviour to be stopped and a decision made 'Will you give up Heathcliff hereafter, or will you giver up me? It is impossible for you to be my friend and his at the same time…' Indeed, Edgar is right to put Catherine's in this difficult situation because any other typical husband at the time would have been less patient with Catherine or banned Heathcliff from the house at an earlier stage. Catherine struggles because the two men in her life represent two types if world and she cannot have both at the same time.
When Heathcliff returns three years later, his love for Catherine motivates him to enact revenge upon all those who separated him from her. Since he last saw Catherine, he has “fought through a bitter life”; he “struggled only for [her]” (Brontë 71). Nelly observes a “half-civilized ferocity” in Heathcliff’s brows (Brontë 70); she views him as “an evil beast…waiting his time to spring and destroy” (Brontë 79). Heathcliff’s obsessive love for Catherine becomes a menacing threat. Heathcliff reproaches Catherine because she “treated [him]
While reminiscing in his old age, Heathcliff says, “I get levers and mattocks to demolish the two houses and when everything is ready and in my power, I find the will to lift a slate off either roof has vanished … Where is the use [of revenge]? I don’t care for striking: I can’t take the trouble to raise my hand!” (323). The Heights and the Grange are finally “in his power” that he can destroy the two houses if he wants. Though he realizes that his efforts were all in vain and his hunger for revenge made him unfortunate. Catherine Earnshaw confronts with the patriarchal system by hurting herself. As Edgar forces her to choose between himself and Heathcliff, she says, “Well, if I cannot keep Heathcliff for my friend – if Edgar will be mean and jealous, I’ll try to break their hearts by breaking my own…” (116). Catherine “breaks her own” by locking herself in her room and fasting for three days; she has no choice but to use the ultimate method to make her rage and helplessness be heard. On the contrary, Catherine Linton resists by improving herself. Although Heathcliff hinders Catherine from learning, she has so much of novelty to feel and learn and continues to read (322). By education, she succeeds to remove Heathcliff’s will to revenge and gain love chosen by herself. Heathcliff, Catherine Earnshaw, and Catherine Linton’s different reactions bring a different ending; destruction versus
It is the opinion of this essay that the character of Heathcliff evolves a lot more than the character of Catherine. When we first meet Heathcliff, he was found on the streets of Liverpool by Catherine’s father who then adopts him into the family as one of his own. This would have been a dramatic change for Heathcliff. Then after experiencing this quality of life until the death of the father he is then cast into the role of a servant/labourer by Catherine’s brother who despises him. Finally, when Heathcliff hears part of the conversation between Catherine and Nelly, he hears Catherine plans to marry Edgar Linton as she could never marry Heathcliff. “It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now”. (82) It is here Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights and returns three years later, a gentleman of means and of polite demeanour, not what you would expect from him. Here we can bring back the point that one’s environment dramatically affects one’s behaviour. Like Catherine, Heathcliff defies social norms expected of his gender. After he returns back from travelling having acquired great wealth and on the surface seems a changed man, he would be accepted into middle class society as he displays the characteristics expected of him. It is well described in the book to enforce the dramatic change in him for readers to understand how far he has come from
However, despite changes, the literary world remained predominantly male, and women writers not encouraged, or taken seriously. Consequently, to counteract this Emily Bronte published her novel Wuthering Heights, under the male pseudonym of Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights is the story of domesticity, obsession, and elemental divided passion between the intertwined homes of the Earnshaw’s residing at the rural farmhouse Wuthering Heights, and the Linton family of the more genteel Thrushcross Grange. This essay will discuss how the language and narrative voices established a structural pattern of the novel, and how these differing voices had a dramatic effect on the interpretation of the overall story.
The confinement that characters within the texts experience can be translated into modern values based on equality. In the novel, Catherine Earnshaw is constantly controlled by the circumstances that control her; she’s ruled by her father and Hindley throughout her childhood, restricted by her injury at Thrushcross Grange, and forced to marry Edgar because of her isolation from the rest of the world. Even in her passionate relationship with Heathcliff, which reflects the spontaneous, exciting nature of the Romantic period, Heathcliff
The disorderly atmosphere of Wuthering Heights, generated by Heathcliff’s raucous behavior causes Catherine to gravitate towards a more uncivilized and mannerless version of herself. Several times, Catherine snaps at others and throws furious tantrums, as she scolds and even slaps Nelly for cleaning in Edgar’s prescence. The rambunctious setting of Wuthering Heights conjures a different Catherine, where, “to pracise politeness...would only be laughed at,” influencing her to act on rebellious