How Separatist Groups Have Had Little Success at Gaining Autonomy from the Country Which they are Currently a Part Of

A common issue that existed in both regions before and after independence was that many people were dissatisfied with the racial hierarchy implemented by their ruling

The authors choose words they know will get some sort of response from the people and hopefully it gets them to see that they would be better off being separate from the United Kingdom. Word choice was one of the most powerful devices used to create the

One example can be found in the partitioning of lands by foreign powers without regarding ethnic boundaries. In the 19th century, the British created the Durand line; “The Durand line is the 2640 km border between Afghanistan and Pakistan” established by “Sir Mortimer Durand, a secretary of the British Indian Government.” The line was drawn quickly without assessing which tribes it split or forced together. In fact, “Eighty-five percent of the Durand line follows rivers and other physical features, not ethnic boundaries.” Much like Africa, present day ethnic violence can be derived from the butchering of lands by world powers. In the case of Afghanistan, the relationship between the dominant Pashtuns and other tribal affiliations became hostile. More recently, “Fundementalist Islamists opposed to the Afghan government and supported by the US became known as Mujahideen.” This US backed anti-Soviet group became what we call the Taliban today. It was stated that, ”At first, the organization avoided ethnic rhetoric, but gradually it began using pro-Pashtun as well as anti-Shia arguments.” Due to Hazaras being the minority of distinguished Shia Muslims, the implications of the Taliban were clear. As told in The Kite Runner, the Taliban committed an ethnic genocide of Hazaras as well as other minority groups while in power. Therefore, one can obviously conclude that foreign powers have the capability to create scenarios in which ethnic violence is the unquestionable

This does not mean to exclude those economic and other related institutions, but focuses this dissatisfaction on the political institutions as key to this process. This dissatisfaction is only exacerbated by the government’s inability or unwillingness to engage with this segment of the population in order to resolve the emerging conflict early in its development. Instead, the government ignores or even attempts to repress this expression of dissatisfaction, resulting in allegations of human rights abuses, among other symptoms. This only fuels a greater desire for secession in this marginalized and underrepresented segment(s) of society, as secessionism is seen as the only option available for the group to alleviate the injustices it feels is levied against it. This results in a “balkanization” of ethnic and religious groups as the

One of the most dangerous global issues today is the growth of separatism. There are variety causes of separatism in many countries.

Separatism is the most easily recognized perspective yet it is the most pessimistic. Separatism is

I want to secede. Specifically, I want to secede from all of civilization, and more specifically, from the industrialized world. I want to create upon an unutilized portion of earth to create a safe place to live and grow. I want the freedom to create personal standards of living, to engage in a collective process, to create and use a physical space that is autonomous, and to create a new self-sustaining trade system. I want a community free from violence, laws, sanctions, oppression, imaginary and political borders, and the global market. It would be preferable to achieve this without threat of violence or use of violence, without exchange of money, and without written documents.

These different countries and nations, even though pushing for independence and decolonization really had no idea how to run things on their own. When leader came to power within them, they lacked strong leadership. The citizens within these places were also lost. Everyone had under western ruling for so long, they had no sense patriotism. Chakrabarty references a few sources explaining how national anthems would be sung at any time for any reason. One leader Nehru stood in front of a group of his people and explained to them step by step how the anthem should be done and how to respect him as a leader (54). Chakrabarty says that this along with other examples he had found, presents almost a teaching scenario amongst citizens of these new independent and decolonized places on citizenship. To be a leader, amongst citizens within a country or nation and have to take a stance that resembles a teacher more than a leader makes it very difficult to control one’s country or nation. To have citizens within your own country or nation who have no sense of what it means to be a citizen or what citizenship looks like also makes running it difficult. A big issue that Chakrabarty presents, is how the West showed little interest in helping these new countries and nations once they became independent. He mentions how the West refused to help, which caused a lot of these new nations to have to lean on their own. These new nations

“Us and Them” by Jerry Muller discusses the pervasive, historical, and growing significance of ethnic nationalism in politics; “Is Ethnic Conflict Inevitable?” contains two responses to Muller’s article by James Habyarimana et. al. and Richard Rosecrance et. al. Muller and his critics reach radically different conclusions the role of ethnic nationalism. Such differences can be explained by their assumptions of ethnic identity formation. The three’s disparities on ethnic conflict result from different theories of identity, namely: Muller to primordialism, Habyarimana to constructivism, and Rosecrance to a rational instrumentalism.

(Walter 2006). She fi nds that governments are signifi cantly more likely to fi ght

This is just one of several stories that I’ve been told but they all share a common interest and that is people from all corners of their respected country are coming together for a sole purpose and that is too demand change and equality of life. They have been feed up with there self respected governments and now are demanding changes be taken swiftly. Perfect example would be the civil war that is occurring in Syria, long and inhuman battles are being fought countless lives have been lost along with the destruction of many homes. Actions are being taken by organizations and countries to provide aid and basic needs for living, but it maybe too late.

The author looks at the sources leading to survival or collapse of ethnofederal states, and is seeking to explore the casual mechanisms leading to instability of ethnofederal state by examining the factors leading ethnofederal states to disintegration or civil wars. Hale argues that ethnofederal states that have a core ethnic region (CER) are highly prone to collapse. He defines CER as “a single ethnic federal region that enjoys dramatic superiority in population” (Hale 166). Hale posits that the presence of CERs in ethnofederal states is likely to cause three main challenges. These include ‘dual

No global definition exists for states described as “fragile”, “failing”, or failed because they come in all shapes and sizes. Yet, countries that have failed at the basic responsibilities of governance and sovereign authority are generally lumped into this group. Fragile, failing, or failed states share similar characteristics including their inability to control their borders, loss of authority over insurgents, gangs, and warlords, and loss of legitimacy internally/internationally. Examples relevant today of countries that are fragile or failing, and on the path to failed status include Iraq and many of the Middle Eastern countries struggling to maintain their autonomy in the fight against ISIS. Other important indicators of failed states include:

The breadbasket of Eastern Europe is having a problem with militants who have killed and have tortured hundreds of people in the name of freedom. The militants, Pro-Russian rebels native to Ukraine, believe that their actions against the government are just. Those who believe that the Pro-Russian Ukrainian rebels are fighting against a corrupt, ultranationalist government are right. The Ukrainian citizens need to understand, however, that the government of Ukraine is the lesser of two evils; the rebels have committed many more heinous crimes than the government has. The rebels are also against policies that can benefit all of Europe and Ukraine. Currently, the Ukrainian people seek to have a stable nation with a self-sufficient government

It is a belief that one’s own culture is superior to that of others. Due to this feeling, any element from another culture that is different with one’s own culture, is considered wrong, bad or even dangerous. Just like the feeling that people of Israel think about themselves that is they are the chosen people of Allah SWT.