How Soybean Is Extremely Agronomically Valuable

No antibacterial compounds are available resistant to this disease but genetic engineering has developed the first trees to resist this devastating disease and increased the consumption level. Specific foods have been developed to correct malnutrition problems. To this end, plants have been modified to provide increased and more stable quantities of essential amino acids, vitamins, or desirable fatty acids. For example, golden rice has been genetically modified to increase beta-carotene content which may help to overcome the severe vitamin A deficiencies that cause blindness and iron. Plants can also be genetically modified to grow well in areas of low production potential. For example, two researchers in Mexico inserted a gene from a bacterium into papaya and tobacco to produce acid-tolerant crops. The crops thus secrete citric acid from their roots by combining with toxic metals which in turn making the soils accessible to protect the tropical forests which contain most of the world’s species of plants and animals. Genetic engineering also helps to decrease or eliminate the allergenic proteins that occur naturally. For example, it has been already used to reduce the levels of major allergen in rice and peanuts. Genetic engineering brings closer the prospect of commercial production in plants of edible vaccines and therapeutics for preventing and treating human diseases like cancer and diabetes. The genetically derived vaccines are potentially

Glycine max, more commonly known as soybeans, are part of the legume family and grown in various climates. The history of the plant, production worldwide, types, nutrition information, products from soybeans, pests, beneficial insects, and diseases are important to the present day growth of soybeans.

These chemical signals set off a cascade of gene activity in the A. tumefaciens which direct a series of events required for the transfer of tDNA from the plasmid into the plant’s cells through the wounds of the plant. The tDNA then moves into the nucleus of the plant cell and becomes integrated into the plant chromosome (Understanding GMOs).

MON87705, commercially “Vistive Gold”, also known as Improved Fatty Acid Profile Soybean MON 87705, is one of Monsanto’s “Round-up ready” type GMOs. In the soybean, three genes were modified in three different areas. Glyphosate, a competitive inhibitor for phosphoenolpyruvate, is a commonly used herbicide that increases a farmer’s yield. However, this herbicide is fatal to plants if too much is used. Glyphosate interferes with the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, which are only synthesized in plants and microorganisms. In Monsanto’s genetically modified soybean, the CP4 EPSPS Agrobacterium gene (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase) is incorporated. The CP4 ESPS gene is used as a selectable marker to identify transgenic plants during the transformation process. The insertion of this gene

This particular promoter is vital for the survival and success of the soybean, which is why it considered to be a dependable promoter not only for soybeans, but for other genetically modified crops such as maize and beans. Monsanto used β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a selectable marker, to be the vehicle to transport the promoter and insert the CP4 EPSPS through transcriptional replacement (Jefferson, 1987). The GUS gene served as evidence of transformation; the GUS enzyme converts 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-glucuronide into a blue precipitate (Agricultural Group of Monsanto Company, 1993). Soybeans that were not transgenic would not produce this blue color when exposed to the aforementioned substrate, indicating that transformation did not take

[8] The experiment at hand to identify how many of these soybean products were transgenic, had been to analyze all these soybean products with the use of a technique called, polymerase chain reaction, or also known as PCR. [8] The process encompassed the analyzing of the lectin gene found in soybean products. [8] While carrying out the experiment, transgenic soybeans were spotted through the appearance of the promoters of which are used in genetically modified products, and in the case of this experiment, it being 35S. [8] Once the transgenic soybeans were spotted out, they were admitted into their own individual PCR test where they would test the concentration of transgenic genes, and results had concluded that all of the tested genetically modified constituents had a concentration of less than .1% of the gene. [8] In conclusion, this source claims no advantage towards transgenic products, but instead verifies that those of which are genetically modified are safe for consumption.

Genetic engineering is the application of modern technology and molecular biology tools to alter the characteristics or traits of an organism. It is a genetic splicing technique of biotechnology that allows scientists to inject a DNA removed from one organism into another. The alteration occurs through the addition of new genetic material or deletion of an existing genetic characteristic. In crops, genetic engineering is used to create pest and disease resistance plants, drought resistance plants, improve the crops yield and the characteristics of their products (Braux, 2014). Another aim of genetic engineering in plants is to increase the level of amino acids in plant seeds. Increasing the number of amino acids greatly improves the diet of human population and domestic animals that rely on plant seeds as a source of food. In animals, the purpose of

One of the main factors that has led me to question whether edible vaccines will be a success in the future is the public’s concern regarding transgene transmission to neighbouring crops or weed species by cross-pollination. This risk can be reduced by integrating the transgene into the chloroplast genome which is maternally inherited. Chloroplast transformation pollen will not have the gene present. I think that transformation of the plastid’s genome is vital to some key issues that occur when genes are inserted into the plant’s nuclear genome. Transgenic plants commonly suffer with the “position effect”, when foreign genes are placed into their nuclear genome, which is the change in gene expression due to its relocation within the genome

Soybeans are beans which are from the legume family which are native to East Asia. They can grow on a variety of soils and wide range of climates, ranging from snowy to tropical climates (Rob). Soybeans are used to make food such as tofu and soymilk, although it is most often processed into oil, which can be used for cooking, or sold for biodiesel production. The left-over which are not used for oil can be used for animal food due to the high-protein fiber which is in the left over. The GM Soybean, also called Roundup Ready (RR) Soybean, was developed by the biotech company Monsanto and was commercially available to farmers in 1996 (Editor, 2008). This GM soybean contains a gene that makes it resistant to herbicides which would

The development of genetically engineered foods began in the 1900s, and has been in United State markets since 1995 (Bredahl 18). The most widespread genetically modified foods are oil, maize, cotton, and soybeans (Cunningham 11). Transgenic foods were products created to increase benefit and lower prices (Whitman 2). Genetically modified foods are essential to enrichments of crops (Tan 3). It helps reduce the use of herbicides and pesticides in plants, enhances taste and quality, lower maturation time,

The ability to transform cell cultures and incorporate foreign DNA into other tissues is a key component to studying gene function which allows research to further in biotechnology (Gao and Nielson, 2013). The most commonly used biotechnology methods for integrating foreign genes into plant cells are Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and Biolistic delivery mediated transformation (Gao and Nielson, 2013). For the purpose of this technical review paper, the focus will be on the biolistic delivery method, and primary scientific literature that incorporates this technique in their studies.

Soybeans are a part of the legume family and have several benefits to the world. Even though the average person doesn’t realize it, soybeans are a part of our everyday life. Soybeans can be used to feed our livestock or is simmering in grandma’s soup pan. They can also be detected in soaps, cosmetics and even vitamins. This tiny bean is an excellent source of protein and dietary fiber. However, there is one evil diagnosis that is out to cut the production of soybeans and that is Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome.

Bacterial transformation is the process of moving genes from a living thing to another with the help of a plasmid.The plasmid is able to help replicate the chromosomes by themselves; laboratories use these to aid in gene multiplication. Bacterial transformation is relevant in everyday lives due to the fact that almost all plasmids carry a bacterial origin of replication and an antibiotic resistance gene(“Addgene: Protocol - How to Do a Bacterial

Although the goal of both genetic engineering and traditional plant breeding is to improve an organism’s traits, there are some key differences between them. While genetic engineering manually moves genes from one organism to another, traditional breeding moves genes through

The coding region of the gene is usually fused to a promoter, most commonly used is the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CMV), in order to promote higher expression levels. (Snow et. al, 1997) The popular method for genetic engineering of crop plants is natural gene transfer via an Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector, a bacterium normally found in soils. The transfer-DNA (T-DNA) vector is made by inserting the desired gene fragment in between specific 25bp repeat domains in the bacterium. The vector is then inserted into the Agrobacterium and "the virulence gene products of Agrobacterium actively recognize, excise, transport, and integrate the T-DNA region into the host plant genomes." (Conner et. al, 1999) The amount of DNA transferred is only about 10kb and the nature of the gene is usually well understood. The expression of the gene introduced can also be controlled by adding additional sequences that might allow the gene to be constitutively expressed, expressed only in certain cell types, or expressed as a result of different environmental changes. This method of gene transfer, however, will only work for the natural host range of the bacterium and therefore other methods are used for additional crop plants. Such methods are uptake of naked DNA by electroporation or particle gun bombardment. The use of genetic markers, as mentioned previously, allows for the preferential growth of cultures that contain the new genetic