Human Adaptation Essay

These findings insist on the idea that our ancestors evolved to be scavengers and gatherers because it was the only way to find nutrients. Early humans were required to search for food. Conditions required them to evolve in a way that the body stores energy, so when resources became scarce, they stayed healthy and could contribute to their community efficiently. Obtaining the ability to store energy in order for humans stay healthy was an extremely important factor. After our ancestors migrated out of East Africa, they evolved to wonder and scavenge for food. Now, humans are able to live comfortably in a single location. Compared to our ancestors constantly moving looking for food and shelter. (Jurmain et al. 350-351).

The prevalence of diseases in the Western world that are affected by our diet have caused us to re-examine what we eat. The discordance hypothesis proposed by Eaton and Konner explains simply that what we are adapted to eat is in discordance with our modern diet. (Eaton & Konner 1985). Comparative studies have been done on primate and human diets to better elucidate the origins of our diet and how modern deviations affect us. In this paper I will examine what we have learned about the evolutionary history of our diet based on studying primates and how this effects our understanding of disease processes caused by our modern, Western diet.

My cousin has to endure a psychological as well as physical adaptation. Paiget describes adaptation as the process by which structures of the mind develop over time to achieve a better fit with the environment and external reality. My cousin is still eating food in large portions as she did when she was pregnant but now she is drinking more

Obesity during childhood is associated with increased risk of obesity, premature death and disability in later life and drives to the growth of type 2 diabetes (WHO, 2015; Singh et al, 2008). Life course approach is easily understandable in the context of obesity, since obesity is connected with many macro and micro level factors which come and play during a person’s lifespan i.e. in each critical period. (Prenatal to old age). Each of those factors depend by the life stage and major transition points of the life trajectory (Musingarimi, 2008). Micro level factors are poor nutrients to mother during pregnancy, low income of the family, no or lack of breastmilk from mother during infancy and childhood, energy dense food consumption, sedentary lifestyle, gender, ethnicity, socio economic status whereas macro level factors are food insecurity, low income, company policies (minimum wage), inability to access health services, lack of government support, lack of policies to promote nutritious foods. Each of these factors are interconnected and drives to the development of an obese person by certain

B. F. Skinner thought of personality in terms of the effects external stimuli have on behavior. This emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or "the organism" with its environment. An example of this is something a baby learns. If a baby cries and receives attention, it teaches the baby that in order to get attention they need to cry. Princess Diana learned that external stimuli have a huge effect on her behavior.

Polygenic obesity also known as “common obesity” is mutations in many genes, or the development of many environmental factors. Polygenic obesity occurs when both the genes and the environment interact with each other. An example of this would be a person being surrounded by a bad environment, promoting unhealthy habits, such as lack of exercise and an excess consumption of foods, plus with the genetic makeup of the person adding on to it. “In fact, if a biologic mother is heavy as an adult, there is a 75% chance that her children will be heavy.”(wvdhhr.org). Because this type of obesity is prone to many complex interactions, it gives way to various different outcomes. Polygenic obesity is studied in the DNA mainly through single nucleotide polymorphisms, meaning there is a single variation in a sequence of pairs in the DNA. Polygenic obesity can be controlled by the environment a person is in, by choosing healthy foods and exercising regularly obesity can be prevented. Also, a parent can prevent obesity in a child by giving them healthy food options in order to learn it at a young age a use it later on in their adult

(Why People Become Overweight) Different diseases can be passed down through parents or family members that have hereditary diseases. There are ways that the parents can affect the lifestyle of their child also. Research shows that the offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy have a higher risk of becoming overweight as they mature. The same outcome goes for mothers who are pregnant and have diabetes. The theory to this condition is the metabolism of the offspring is affected in a negative way. It has been proven that children with mothers who breastfeed longer than three months are less likely to become obese as children. (Why People Become Overweight)

     Going back forty-five years is not an easy task to complete because I can’t remember some of the finer details of my childhood. I know I was born on a hot August afternoon in Birth Year at Place Of Birth in City ands State. My mother was just twenty-two at the time and was already the mother of two, I was her third child. My father was twenty-one and already a workaholic, I know because my mother would constantly remind me not to be like that. My mother and father were good parents and they tried to give us the best upbringing they could. My father was the kind of person that believed he should provide and protect his family, and he did a very good job of doing that.

The human condition is a term which references our complicated existence by highlighting our ongoing ability to adapt and change both our perceptions and values. Through our mental capabilities of both creativity and imagination, humanity is able to achieve a sense of both self-actualisation and liberation, resulting in them acting as the core of our existence where, without them we would become susceptible to the overwhelming flaws of the human condition. Evidencing this are the three texts, ‘Dejection: an Ode’, ‘This Lime Tree Bower my Prison’ and ‘Focus’, which

Adaptationism is the belief that the traits seen in organisms are the results of evolution by natural selection. There are different forms of adaptationism and many different definitions as to what an adaptation is, with some believing it is impossible to test a hypothesis about an adaptation at all. This essay will look at a) how to define adaptation b) different forms of adaptationism and c) consider the different methods of testing whether a phenotype is an adaptation.

“It is a sin to believe evil of others, but it is seldom a mistake.”

What is human nature? It is very simple. Human nature refers to the patterns of behavior that are typical of our species or our kind. Human undergoes change as all humans grow up they nature seems to change; the environment someone grow up in effects that persons nature. To fully understand human nature Dr. Marvin Harris takes us on trip to time, which makes sense because if we better understand our past and our origin we will better understand our very existence and our nature. We will know more about who we are where we are from and such other questions that puzzle the human mind.

Stress is a state of emotional or mental tension or strain resulting from very demanding and adverse circumstances in an individual’s life. The term general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is used in describing the long-term and short-term reactions to stress through its three stages that explain an individual’s experience with stress. The alarm reaction stage is the initial stage where an individual reacts immediately to a stressor exhibiting a "fight or flight" response that prepares one’s body for any physical activity. This stage may however, result in decreased immune system effectiveness, making individuals more prone to an illness during this phase. The resistance is the second stage where f stress continues one’s the body forms an adaptation to the stressors with different levels of changes taking place to reduce the effectors stress. The exhaustion stage is the third one where one’s body resistance resistance to stress may gradually reduce or collapse quickly meaning that one’s immune system to resisting diseases may be almost eliminated.

Homo sapiens were a potent factor on eliminating the remaining Neanderthal population due to their intelligence (Echoes).

“You cannot predict the outcome of human development .All you can do like a farmer create the conditions under which it wellbeing flourish"(Robinson.K.2001)This essay will discussed social , family and environmental influences on human development ,across in whole life-span .And relate three theorist 's respective concepts including Vygotsky ,Bronfenbrenner and Bowlby who has made great contributions in early childhood education ,combined their theory as well give more conclusion .