Hybrid Electric Vehicles ( Phevs )

Driving a car is something that can be quite exhilarating, as it makes the person feel free, as if they can go anywhere that their hearts aspire. With the unveiling of the new hybrid vehicles, there is an alternative means to get to an end. These vehicles are some of the best for the money, while keeping things such as the atmosphere and gas mileage in mind. They are many other improvement in driving a hybrid car, even over these huge ones that make many humans convert; even if it's just for the fact that they are cheaper when it comes to insurance.

Automobiles have become such an integral part of living in a modern society. Many places in the first world are inexplicably fortunate enough to have such incredible transportation technology at their finger tips. While this technology is a dream, the gasoline powered cars we use today attribute to about 25% of the worlds carbon emissions (Agassi, Shai Agassi: A new ecosystem for electric cars). This is a giant concern, but the car industry may find themselves a little more concerned with the depleting oil that is burned away daily by drivers. It’s unavoidable, there needs to be a change made sooner than later, and hybrid isn’t solving our problems fast enough. The best alternate choice seems to be a full conversion to electric cars. These cars replace gasoline engines with an electric one, running on battery power. The battery of these cars runs current through the motor to the wheels, operating like a light and a light switch where the increase in speed is similar to having a dimmer on that light (Brain, How Electric Cars Work 1). This technology removes the harmful carbon emission, making it a sustainable solution to our current problems, but it still struggles to be implemented as it has since it was first created.

Recently there has been much excitement regarding the release of the first hybrid electric car into the American consumer market. The concept of eco-friendly driving and the wide variety of electric cars in the market may seem to be a relatively new concept in the automobile industry; however, this is far from true.

Hybrid vehicles are slowly gaining popularity despite American car company 's failure to utilize the hybrid engine. During rush hours and heavy traffic, when vehicles are gaining most of their use, the hybrid engine helps reduce cost and maintain environmental health. American automotive companies need to start utilizing hybrid engines rather than normal gasoline-fueled engines by making hybrid engines the automotive standard.

As gas prices raise the average automobile consumer demands a better, more fuel efficient vehicle. This demand has forced manufacturers to begin producing hybrid vehicle; first four door hybrid sedan was unveiled by Toyota in 2000. The Toyota Prius’ success encouraged it competitors to roll out their hybrid cars as well setting a common standard for environmentally friendly and efficient vehicles. The relationship of consumer and manufacturer in the car industry on a macro level has always been one in relative equilibrium. As demand increases the car manufacturers have increased supply. The green movement in the United States pushed for hybrid vehicles and car manufacturers responded by producing more vehicles, making the

First built in the early 1900s by inventors tinkering with combinations of the electric motor and the gasoline engine, hybrid vehicles were dropped when gasoline-fueled vehicles became more reliable and easier to start, and gasoline fuel more readily available. Research and development of hybrid vehicles was revived by concern about oil dependency in the1970s and about air pollution in the late 1980s.

, 2009; Gonder et al. , 2009), and reduces greenhouse gases emissions GHGs) relying on the raw materials of the marginal supply of electricity used to charge them (McCarthy and Yang, 2009; benjamin What 's more Hirsh, 2009). Furthermore, (Yang, 2013) conducted that compare with a base conventional vehicle, a PHEV can decrease gas utilization by more than 70%, given the accessibility of daytime charging. (Denholm et. al, 2013) presented that PHEVs are comparable to conventional hybrid electric vehicles, yet all the characteristic a bigger battery and plug-in charger that lets electricity from the grid to displace a part of the petroleum fuel drive energy. Also, PHEVs reduce petroleum utilize and output fewer tailpipe emissions when operating electrically, in any case without the extent constraint of immaculate battery electric vehicles. They additionally diversification and cost stabilization on fuels, since electricity could make produced from a lot of various elementary fuel sources. Also, (Zhang et. al, 2011) found that given the magnitude of establishment the infrastructure that would be required high power, non-home charging locations, large batteries with home 1. 44 kW charging show the probability for reducing fuel consumption with a significant minimum

Energy plays an important role in human activities. The utilization of fossil fuel based energy resources has increased the impact on the global environmental issues such as CO2 emissions that contribute to global warming and a drastic climate changing. The need of exploitation of new sources such as renewable energy (RE) becomes crucial. The combination of multi-source renewable energies at the distribution stage and the proper energy management will definitely reducing the cost of operation and could deliver the best efficiency and reliability to the users.

Hybrid is a term used to describe a combination of two or more distinctive things, aiming to accomplish a common objective. A hybrid vehicle is a fuel efficient vehicle having two motors- one a gasoline powered motor and the other electric motor. The reason for combining two motors is using their strengths and reducing deficiencies. Electric motor is used at low speed wile gas motors perform better at high speed generating extra power for a particular motor weight. During rush hours, when vehicles are continuously stopping and running, performance of electric motor is appreciative. Gas motor supports higher speed supporting driving at the highways. (Anderson 134-45)

Hybrid cars are vehicles that have a combustion engine with an electric motor and battery pack. There are many types of hybrid vehicles and they are all different. As we know gas can be expensive at times. It is bad on our environment as it causes pollution. Hybrid vehicles is one way we have improved our economy and environment. It provides less emissions than regular vehicles and gasoline is just a backup, as these vehicles run off electricity as the main source. Earlier models have used lead-acid batteries, which were bad on the environment due to the high amounts of toxic lead. Hybrid vehicles have since then improved and now contain lithium ion batteries. Hybrid cars do have many positive aspects, but they are not completely safe toward the environment.

As the Earth turns round and round, transportation is in evolution. From the first car in the world, Benz Patent-Motorwagen powered by a 670W internal combustion engine to today’s powerful supercars. But the thing that never change is that they always need to drink fossil fuels, until now. All of a sudden, many types of electric vehicles are showing up in dealerships. Different than the jokes in past, people are seriously considering if they need to buy one for lower emission tax, lower price to feed and more parking space. And even for the polar bear’s life, as many advertisements show. But electric vehicles are not ideally perfect, not as many advertisements show. They are expensive, they need a long time to be fully charged and they will put power plants in developing country working under much higher pressure. On top of that, pollution in battery production cannot be ignored.

Enterprise & Industry magazine. (2012, July 13). Automotive Industry. Retrieved November 05, 2013, from European Commission's Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/index_en.htm

The Audi A3 Sportback e-tron name is a mouthful. Once you get beyond the lengthy moniker for this unusual plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), calling it “e-tron” or “A3 e-tron” seems entirely appropriate.

A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle.[1] The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors. However other mechanisms to capture and utilize energy are included.

Authorized licensed use limited to: University of Michigan Library. Downloaded on January 15, 2009 at 22:22 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.