The Algerian History of Migration and the Development of the Algerian Internationalization Programmes
to political grounds. French imperialism and political regimes in Algeria offered contributions to the Algerian migration. The idea is best clarified in what is stated by Chirstopher (2012) "The French colonial conquest dramatically reshaped patterns of Algerian border crossing"(p.1). The first argument to reinforce this would be that French used a considerable number of Algerians and mobilized them to serve its political conflicts with the European powers like in the First
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Conversely, some were fleeing due to the political rivalries within Algeria itself; namely in the 1990`s. It is, therefore, worth stressing the movements of asylum seekers to different countries which started with the political instability of Algeria in 1980`s and 1990`s. The asylum seekers greatly directed their requests to Germany mainly in 1992 and 1993, with the Algerian civil war outbreak (Collyer, 2003).However, UK was also a centre of attraction for many Algerian asylum seekers. It could be stemmed from its perceived asylum policy, which is not the case with the other European countries (Collyer, 2003). Migration in Algeria is also imputed to professional and intellectual reasons. One way to evidence this is the movement of the Algerian doctors from Algeria to France for training at the start of the French imperialism (Christelow, 2012). Another instructive example would be career mobility of the Algerian students and teachers towards different international universities in the light of internationalization and academic exchange programs. .In the following section, the focus will be narrowed down to the evolving of the Algerian internationalization …show more content…
In academia, the internationalization of higher education was designed to build cultural bridges and to unite education scheme around the World (Knight,2004). Internationalization of Higher Education could be divergently defined by many scholars. In this respect, Chan and Dimmock (2008) suggest that "Internationalization is a multifaceted concept, with many different interpretations, emphases, and purposes."(p.184).So, internationalization `s meaning depends on the context being used in. A point of agreement, however, would be what is maintained by Knight(2004).For her, internationalization of higher education is broadly defined as a set of global educational tasks which are implemented within the higher education curricula in order to internationalize the learning-teaching process and to promote global harmony across universities (2004).To exemplify, university exchange programmes might be the most important activity to shed light on, with a particular link to the context of our study. Hence, the meaning of internationalization in the present purposeful work is limited to the scope of international academic and exchange programmes in higher
Although, they all wanted to for different reasons. In France's case, they wanted to expand their territory for the sake of nationalism, by receiving more land and territory. This was because, when, the countries were all competing, all trying to be the most powerful nation. The land owned was a major part of that. Along with that, the French colonized Algeria partially because of the White Man's Burden, so that they could spread Christianity to the Algerians (Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized 12). The White man's Burden was one of the many reasons that New Imperialism started, the Europeans believed their religion was superior and that it was their duty to spread it to the lesser beings. During the French control over Algeria, the French had proven to be very direct rulers. This meaning that the French were ruling Algeria themselves, instead of the French controlling having Algerian
Algerians were once under the rule of the Ottoman empire and a lot of Algerians ended up becoming Muslim. Although the Algerian people were happy to see the end of the Ottoman rule they did not want to be under the new rule of the French government who had helped them get rid of the Ottoman. In an Article called Algeria: What were the effects of assimilation the author describes the life of Muslim Algerian natives after the French came a drove out the Ottoman Empire and the struggles Algeria faced to become independent. “By the late 19th century, colonial policies had turned Muslims into second class citizens compared to European settlers. Laws defined Algerians as subjects rather than citizens unless they agreed…”. The French that governed
Imperialism was a time of new inventions, technology, and many other things. Imperialism had many positive things like, transportation, spread of technology, and an increase in education. Because of Imperialism transportation became a thing. Also communication with other foreign countries became a thing. Then there was an increase in education too.
In some periods of our history immigration is often associated with conflict and warfare. Nearly 8 million refugees found a new home in West Germany and 3.5 million in East Germany by 1950, as a result of Second World War. Other examples are Algerian independence in 1962 also resulted an inflow of one million Algerians into France in last than a year. The Balkan wars in the 1990s also led more than one million refugees into Germany. Some other periods of high immigration are related to economic need, mostly inflows into France, Germany and the Great Britain in 1950s and 1960s. Ethnic mix results from these movements are very different than others in Germany, France and
The imperialism of Algiers started in 1820 when the French refused to pay for wheat from Algeria. Ten years later, the French invaded Algeria and gained control of their country and was eventually a departement of France (departement are like states). The French built many villages that were very similar to those in France. Many European countries at this time were looking to take over countries in Africa. France picked Algeria because it was near the ocean, had fertile lands, petroleum, natural gases, uranium, and many resources. France wanted to create jobs for those who fought in the Napoleonic Wars because they didn’t have enough jobs in France. France also wanted to pay off their debt from the many wars they had. Lastly, they wanted to spread their religion because they thought
French colonization continued to spread southwards in Africa. The effect France’s imperialism had over Algeria during this time had to do with modernizing their agricultural and commercial economy-Involved the use of slavery. The French had an advantage now
Another impact that had happened because of imperialism is that the men became defiant due to the French violating their tradition. “The french had done all of this because they had no care for anything but power and gaining as much land as they had lost in past wars”(Synad 211). French impacted Algeria in several ways one of those ways being that in order to be an Algerian citizen with french rights, algerians had to give up their muslim identity. This was not only the most disrespectful thing the french could have done but it had finally pushed the Algerians passed the edge. Another horrific thing they attempted to do was to change the education so they would have been learning french
Algeria is a republic of western North Africa with a population of 35 million. It is the
The French colonists ruled in a rather harsh way toward the native Arab Algerians. They treated the native Algerians as if they were beneath them. For example, Algiers was split into two
Despite the fact that one cannot force a national identity, the drive to mold and create one runs deep in both Fanon’s and de Tocqueville’s writings. At this point, the differences in background and the purposes of writing between our two authors becomes apparent. De Tocqueville’s project with Algeria aims to investigate the best way to colonize with the least detriment to the French. Given that the colonists had already deposed the old government to install their own at the time of his writings, de Tocqueville identifies a few sources of danger for the French in Algeria and proposes a path forward. At the time, the French had plans to unseat a remnant government in Constantine in the east of Algiers and ally with Abd-el-Kader in the west of
The animosity leading to the Algerian civil war begins with the Algerians fight for independence. Before independence, terrorist activity by different Algerian nationalist groups pushing for decolonization begins to rise throughout the country. As a French settlement, the French settlers in Algeria begin to fight back in hopes of keeping Algeria as a French
In 1830, France took over and began to colonize Algeria. From employment to industry, Algeria’s systems were reworked and altered. All aspects of an Algerian’s daily life were affected, but among the most significant were political and economic arrangements. The changes made by the French dominated key components of Algeria. From 1830 to 1900, the economic and political impacts of France on Algeria were the changes made to agriculture, education, and land ownership in order to modernize Algeria and rebuild its culture to one much like France’s own.
Classified by the World Bank as an upper middle income country, Algeria’s economy is primarily dominated by state-entities although the country began opening up the economy to both foreign and private domestic participation in the mid-1990s.After posting low growth during the civil wars in the 1990s, the Algerian economy grew at an average of 2.72% over the past two decades, mainly attributed to hydrocarbon exports on which the economy is heavily reliant upon.
Roberts (2003) shows that when Algeria gained its independence, it was linguistically a pluralistic country with a rich linguistic baggage influenced by Berber, Phoenician, Roman, Vandal, Byzantine, Jewish, Moor, Arabic, Spanish, Ottoman and French. He further adds that the Arabization policy in independent Algeria denied any existence of the languages actually spoken, and promoted the literary classical Arabic which is considered as the lingua franca of the Arab middle-east. Arabization of the Algerian educational system was pursued from 1962 to 1975 since Arabic was considered as the national and official language while French was language to be used temporarily and provisionally. The newly appointed
The roots of independent Algeria's revolutionary foreign policy are commonly attributed to the impact of the extremely revolutionary national ideology acquired as a result of the sufferings endured by the Algerians in their resistance to and struggle against the French occupation and to the experience acquired by the Algerian diplomacy during wartime, as well as to the indifference of Western powers, particularly the United States, towards Algeria's revolutionary war against the French (Stone 228 - 229).