Chapter 4
Individual in the Organization
A study of the individual in an organization is important, for the bulk of the adult population spends more than a third of its waking hours in the organization by which it is employed. And for most people, formal organizations represent a major part of the environment that exerts a significant effect upon their behavior.
To represent individual in an organization, we must look into organization as a social system.
1. Social System
a. Human Organization – Status and Role
2. Organization
a. Concepts or Organization
3. Organization as a Social System
4. Human Element in Organization
5. Informal Groups in an Organization
6. Occupational Culture
SOCIAL SYSTEM
The word system can be traced back to
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These definitions point to the dual aspects of organization, as both function and framework or a process and structure. It is a human activity and, at the same time, it is a group of people. Its existence is by deliberating design and not by accidents. It exists because of an objective which it seeks to attain effectively and efficiently.
Concepts of an Organization An organization is a structural process in which persons interact for objectives. This view of organization contains several important points:
1. The organization is always made up of people.
2. The people in organizations interact; that is, the people in the organization are related to one another in some way.
3. The interactions of people are ordered by some structure that can be described.
4. The structured interactions are designed to achieve the personal objectives of the people interacting. In other words, people join and/or participate in organizations in order to achieve their own objectives.
5. The interactions which result in the achievement of personal objective of any member.
The Organization Context A complete understanding of organizational behavior requires both an understanding of human behavior and the understanding of the organization context within which human behavior is acted out. The organizational context is the specific setting within which organizational behavior is enacted.
ORGANIZATION AS
Organizations are social entities that are driven by goals that are designed intentionally, and coordinated activity systems and they are linked to the external environment. It means that the organization should have a way of linking the internal and external environments. Organizations are made of people and the relationship between the people is essential. There is a deliberate move by organization management to come up with structures that ensure coordination of
An organization, in its simplest form, is comprised of people brought together to achieve a common goal whether it be solving a problem, selling a product or providing a service. The existence of the organization is wholly dependent on the collective body of individuals involved and it is these individuals that are the driving force behind the success or failure of a company. The relationships that connect the people within the organization dictate how the culture is developed and perceived.
The first two choices—Engage or Bypass—offer a set number of outcomes, whereas interaction has an almost infinite number of outcomes. In cases where kinetic engagement and bypassing are not the best choices, interacting can fill that gap. Interacting includes rapport-building, key leader engagements,
This can be done by having communication with other people in an organization. Effective communication ensures understanding between a leader and employees. Two-way communication or interactions is fundamental for a successful organization because interacting and listening to employees’ ideas help to build trust and respect between a leader and employees. Establishing strong relationships with people out of the organization is also essential. That is to say, network connections with people from different experiences and backgrounds help to share ideas, values, principles, and achieve the success of the organization (Rogers & Smith,
Defining and identifying an organization structure affects the organization in two big ways – it provides the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest and it determines which individuals get to participate in which decision making process.
The objective of this strategy is to promote and nurture a strong interaction within the corporation by creating a two-way
Organizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. “Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).” This is not just the study on one organization, but the study within one organization as well as the organization affects other organizations. Organizations can vary in size and all have different outcomes inside the workplace. There are many reasons to study organizational behavior; one of the biggest reasons is to find out what is the best way for a company to operate. If you can pinpoint all of the bad habits a company has and can reverse them, then you will have a better performing company. Everyone company studies their organizational behavior is some way. Calling out an employees and correcting their mistakes is one example. Organizational behavior is only a study on the field and not an actual group within an organization. Almost all actions of an individual can have either a positive or negative affect on a company. Anything from attitude to behavior reflected from the attitudes of people can affect the outcome of a problem.
Organisations must organise a structure so that their objectives can be achieved. A company will have different departments and procedures with each one having a special function. All of these organised departments and procedures are linked so the company can run efficiently. For many organisation this can be very complex has they will have offices in international countries around the world.
Organisations form social collectives to achieve goals or objectives which cannot be met by individuals acting alone but only in alliance with others with a stated purpose (Pettinger 2000, Wilson 1990).
An organizational structure is a framework set for certain activities at the work place like coordination of activities, supervision of employees and task allocation to be organised (Mills, 2005).
According to Miles et al. (1978, p. 547), an organization is both its purpose and the mechanism constructed to achieve the purpose. It means that the concept of organization is embracing both goals and all the elements that represent unique combination. Miles et al. (1978, p. 553) draws the conclusion that structure and the processes taking place inside the organization are closely aligned; it is hard to speak about one without mentioning the other. It is important to understand the conclusion drawn by Miles et al. (1978). It illustrates how the
Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activity systems, and are linked to the external environment (Kirst-Ashman, 2011). The four main parts of that definition are social entity, goal directed, deliberately structured, and link to external
The organizations social systems are made up of many complex sets of human behavior and relationships that interact in many ways within the workplace and also in
Different authors has defined the Organization in different ways, according to Keith Davis, “Organization may be defined as a group of individuals, large of small, that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in the accomplishment of the certain common object.” (Publish your articles, 2015)
One of the important principle of the universe is each and every individual is unique and different and varies by having his own identity and individuality. The same principal is also applies to the organization .In addition these entities have their own set of values, norms, procedure, practice, which are to be following the day to day work life.