Unit 1: Explain how cigarettes could be called “money” in prisoner-of-war camps of World War II (refer to one or more of the three functions or characteristics of money in you answer). In World War II, each prisoner received the same parcel included cigarettes. They would exchange the good and services through barter economy. Over the time, the economic in the camps developed and the bartering system became more complicated. It was difficult to satisfy a “double coincidence of want”. In order to simplify the system, cigarettes were widely used as “money”. Cigarettes performed the function of money as a medium of exchange. This was because they were generally accepted among the prisoners. Firstly, they provide convenience for prisoner …show more content…
Unit 6: In no more than 300 words, explain how changes in the Bank of England’s official rate can modify the impact of foreign inflation on domestic inflation. Since the Central Bank has the exclusive right to issue money in the economy, it can have extensive influence on the determination of interest rate in financial markets and in the economy as a whole, by adjusting the interest rate on short-term loans to financial institutions. Central Bank interest rates on these loans therefore have the most immediate impact on other short-term interest rates in the money market. By influencing interest rates, monetary policy then has an effect on the savings and expenditure decisions of individuals and corporate. [pic] In case the Central bank reduces the interest rate, increasing demand for credit, because lower lending rates can also encourage the consumption and investment. As a rule, Equity and housing prices increase the wealth of individuals, which in turn increase their propensity and ability to borrow, and thereby their propensity and ability to spend. Thus, the asset prices rise up. However, the official rate decrease unexpectedly the domestic currency will depreciate. The foreign investor withdraw saving in the UK. The demand for pounds with therefore decrease, the depreciation will make exported goods and services relatively cheaper than before. Finally, the official rate has an
Everything became more expensive and people couldn't pay for what they wanted. Some people started stealing while other had to pay for items, such as cows. The continental army paid in commissary notes which were circulated as money. Tim and his mother struggled to find the items needed for the tavern. For example “Prices kept going up and up, and depreciation of paper money took a lot of the profit out of it. You could sell a bag of nails for a shilling, and when you went out to buy some more you’d find that the price had gone up two shillings.” Their tavern business wasn’t running good and Tim and Susannah were both hungry throughout the
wild and used it to their benefits. The way the found different ways to use the tobacco and
The film ‘Thank you for Smoking’ is a dark comedy where the primary protagonist, Nick Naylor is a lobbyist. He talks for the cigarette industry and will not extra the American Authorities or even the press. At the in advance, the film prominently tackles all these topics but deep down it also portrays the partnership between a dad and a son.
Like alcohol, smoking most effective drop fulfilling after one receives custom to it. “If coffee makes a person wakeful, mentally alert, and at worst, nervous, the effect of tobacco was described from the very first by reference to calm, placidity, contemplation, concentration, etc.” (p. 107). Schivelbusch also writes of the approaches in which smoking was associated to worker’s rights and democracy actions in Germany. The primary and most unsparing confederacy in Germany changed into seemingly fashioned by way of the cigar rollers. “Thus, it was a curious twist in its symbolic history that the cigar should later have come to be a status symbol for capitalist entrepreneurs” (p. 129).
Tobacco was a main crop in colonial America that helped stabilize the economy (Cotton 1). Despite the fact that tobacco took the place of the other crops in Virginia, as well as replacing the hunt for gold with tobacco cultivation. It proved to be a major cash crop, especially in Virginia and Maryland (Weeks 3). Tobacco left many people financially troubled because other occupations were disregarded or not as profitable as tobacco farmers (Randel 128). The unemployment that tobacco brought about made many colonists poor and homeless (128). After the tobacco boom started, many men signed themselves to indentured servitude hoping to be freed and given land along with other promised goods (Tunis 79). Three hundred and fifty thousand
Throughout the rich history in the United States tobacco, timber, and alcohol have been very important to the culture in America. Each of these products contributed economically to the colonies. Some have contributed to the shaping of governments and laws. There has recently been a debate about which colonial product was most important to the colonist. Each product has served an important role in building each one of the colonies. Evidence shows that tobacco played the most critical influence on many colonies in early America.
(a). Tobacco, as it relates to the early colonial period, was a fundamental cash crop for the
Tobacco formed the basis for the colony’s economey. It was used to pay taxes, buy indentured servants, and buy goods from
Field, P. (1922, October 10). Coffee and Cigarettes: Second-Hand Smoke and Smoke-Free Laws. National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. Retrieved October 10, 1927, from www.sciencecases.org/secondhand_smoke/secondhand_smoke.pdf
The advantages made by the British merchants on the tobacco consigned to them were so enormous, that they spared no means of
The aim rationale behind reduced interest rate was to provoke recovery from the crisis. This targeted increase in consumers as well as firms and government spending since incentive to save had been eroded. This measure not only increased aggregate demand, it also aid commitment to new investments. Additionally, monthly cost of mortgage repayment was witnessed which in turn, provided more disposable income and make investment in property market more lucrative.
Monetary policy, ‘The government’s policy relating to the money supply, bank interest rates, and borrowing’ (Collin: 130), is another tool available to the government to control inflation. Figure 4 shows, that by increasing the interest rate (r), from r1 to r2, the supply of money (ms) is reduced from Q1
Low interest rates will also alter the behaviour of consumers, businesses and banks. One of which is excessive risk taking as credit is more accessible. Especially after the financial crisis when the economy is in recovery mode, individuals and institutions might take unnecessary gambles in order to recoup what they have lost. This will lead to a high credit bubble where people are unable to repay their loans. However, people might react differently. They might be more prudent with their money thus reducing the demand, which will lead to an economic decline. As human behaviour is not possible to quantify and predict accurately, this presents the government with a dilemma,
When looking at the advantages and disadvantages of inflation, it is important to consider what type of inflation is occurring. For example,
Explain how the international trade flows should initially adjust in response to the changes in inflation (holding exchange rates constant). Explain how the international capital flows should adjust in response to the changes in interest rates (holding exchange rates constant).