What physiological, psychological and social factors influence our musical preferences?
Music refers to the art or science of combining vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion; however individuals differ in their preference of music.
Development studies estimate that the auditory system of a foetus is fully functioning at around 20 weeks of pregnancy; at this point the foetus is able to the mother’s heartbeat and is able to recognise other sounds. In past there has been an increased interest in foetal perception and cognition. In a cross-cultural survey of maternal knowledge and beliefs concerning foetal development conducted in France and Canada, investigators
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These different factors combined suggest why different people like different times of music and on reason alone cannot answer why we have musical preferences.
References
Arnett, J.J. 2002. The sounds of sex: Sex in teens’ music and music videos. In Sexual teens, sexual media: Investigating media’s influence on adolescent sexuality, ed. J.D. Brown, J.R. Steele, and K. Walsh-Childers, 253–64. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Cunningham, S. J., Downie, S. J., & Bainbridge, D. (2005). “The Pain, The Pain”: Modelling music information behaviour and the songs we hate. Proceedings of the ISMIR 2005, 6th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval , London , UK .
Kisilevsky, B.S., Beti, M., Hains, S.M.J., & Lecanuet, J.-P. (2001). Pregnant women’s knowledge and beliefs about fetal sensory development. Poster presented at the 10th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Uppsala, Sweden.
Klein, J.D., J.D. Brown, J. Walsh-Childers, J. Oliveri, C. Porter, and C. Dykers. 1993. Adolescents’ risky behaviour and mass media use. Pediatrics 92, no. 1: 24 – 31.
Kisilevsky, B.S., Pang, L., & Hains, S.M.J. (2000). Maturation of human fetal responses to airborne sound in low- and high-risk
about the options that they have. Many don’t know that at week six the baby has a heartbeat. They don’t know that at week eight that their baby is having brain activity,and that at week nine there baby has fingers and toes and several of there vital organs. They need to know that it is a life inside of them. They also need to know that there is help for them if they don’t have sufficient finances or a stable life. And lastly they need to know the negative health and side affects
This is really fascinating research but as a mother I think I knew a lot of this. I knew my daughter could hear sounds from the second trimester on because a loud noise would make her jump inside me. I figured if she could hear what was going on outside she must be able to learn. It’s nice to have my suspicions confirmed. Although I wasn’t one to listen to classical music or read books to her in utero we did speak with her a lot. It also makes sense that if the baby is developing so quickly once they are born, as chapter 5 clearly states, that the infant must also be developing at incredible rates in utero as
Sexuality and sex in America is a complicated subject in that there is little consensus on the topic of sex in, and the American media sends many mixed messages regarding sex and sexuality to everyone, not just to adolescents. Americans are aware of sex primarily through advertising (print media, commercials, etc.) as sex is used to sell anything and everything. The media also bombards Americans with sexuality and sex on television and in films. The sexuality of teenagers is not a straightforward issue in America either. Many parents do not discuss sex or sexuality with their children. There have been ongoing debates as to whether sexuality should be taught as part of school curricula because there are such a great deal of adolescents participating in reckless and/or dangerous sexual behaviors, largely because they are grossly uneducated about sex. The paper will reference the film Juno and other texts as a meditation on the relationship between adolescent sexuality and the media.
Being able to reliably detect fetal heart rate as a measure of recognition, and knowing that fetuses develop good hearing by the third trimester allows many researchers to study fetal response to various aspects of language, beyond just recognizing maternal voice, during this time in pregnancy. The two ways to study fetal response to maternal voice is by observing their movement and heart rate. By monitoring when a fetus is at rest, then observing their movement when introduced to a stimuli, researchers can note patterns of recognition (Decasper et al., 1994; Krueger et al., 2015; Marx & Nagy, 2015). The researchers Krueger et al. (2015) used both methods of measurement to study pregnant mothers in their third trimester. The researchers were interested to know if fetuses would respond differently when hearing their mother’s voice live versus when they hear their mother’s voice in a recording. To test this, mothers recited a nursery rhyme two times daily from 28-34 weeks gestational age.
Music is a reflection of the human soul that encompasses the direct emotion of the inner being. Music has existed from the beginning of time from the very creation of the universe, as the angles worshiped God. Throughout the centuries music has dramatically changed, exposing our nature of each generation time and time again. Truth is, you can expose the mindset of an individual based on the music he or she is currently listening to. The article “Surprising Science: What Music Does to Our Brains” by, Belle Beth Cooper makes eight points on how a person reacts when listening to music. Each person will react to music differently depending on their generation and perception at the given moment and has the ability to control
Are sexual media exposure, parental restrictions on media use and co-viewing TV and DVDs with parents and friends associated with teenagers’ early sexual behavior observes the issue of the effects of sexual content in the media and the effects it has on adolescent behavior. The study also aims to determine whether or not sexual media content and other factors like parental restriction were associated with early sexual behavior. The researchers used several US longitudinal studies that showed that exposure to sexual content in the media predicts earlier sexual behaviors in adolescents. The researchers state that parents and peers of adolescents have an effect on the way the adolescent interprets the content of the media viewed relating it to the “use and gratification” theory which stresses the importance of the social context for shaping audience orientation and involvement (Rubin, 1993). The research issue is clearly stated by the authors.
Some parts of neonatal auditory system develop after birth shortly . persistence of appropriate sensory stimulants is important for normal growth and development (2).
Today’s society is corrupted with misrepresentations of how an intimate relationship should appear. Media often portrays intercourse as something to be taken lightly and that negative consequences are a rare occurrence. What is the effect of the misrepresentation of sex in the media on teenage sexuality? Christina Grant (2003) provides a careful evaluation of this question in “Teens, Sex and the Media: Is there a Connection?” leaning slightly towards the argument that sex in the media has a negative impact on adolescents. In “Teenage Sex and the Media,” Victor Strasburger (2012) adopts an assertive approach to this question, explaining why he believes that media should change the way it presents sexuality. Although both authors are credible, Grant writes for a set audience of potential researchers whereas Strasburger’s audience consists of parents, educators and adolescents. The reader is made aware of the intended audience through the differing format and language used by the authors. While Strasburger targets a wider audience, he is closed-minded in comparison to Grant, who leaves room for interpretation of arguments.
The 164 participants were tasked with completing a questionnaire that would assess their music preferences based on thirteen different qualities of music. This combined with an evaluation of how much the participants enjoyed music and the amount of time spent listening was put into consideration as well. An eight scale assessment was conducted for both personality styles and expressed concerns of the participants while a four scale assessed behavioral correlations (Schwartz & Fouts, 2003).
From the first day of their lives, infants are able to see, hear, feel, taste, and smell. The visual cortex, which processes visual information, is immature at birth (Gross, 2012), thus resulting in poor vision early in life. Infants, before 2 months, have trouble tracking objects, but are able to discriminate between white and a number of other colors (Gross, 2012). Gross (2012) also reports that by age 4 months, infants are able to perceive depth. In terms of sound, infants are able to respond to sound consistently and accurately by age 4-5 months, and from birth infants are able to perceive speech sounds categorically (Gross, 2012). Touch is imperative to an infant’s growth and development. Neonatal reflexes and the ability to feel pain, begin at birth, and
Scientists couldn�t find out yet whether music influences the development of the fetus.This is a fact that we can�t be sure of yet. Several studies have demonstrated that babies can hear sound and even react to it by movement. The fetus is able to hear sounds, because hearing is the first sense that starts to develop in the embryo. The inner ear is fully developed in last trimester of pregnancy. A research demonstrates the effect of stimulation of music on the fetus, which consists of a change in heart rate. If stimulation of the brain with music could have positive effects, than this could be used to achieve great results. The majority of brain development occurs when
SkwareckiAug, B., StoneMar, R., MervisMar, J., EscobarMar, H., CosierMar, S., & VriezeMar, J. D. (2017, December 10). Babies Learn to Recognize Words in the Womb. Retrieved March 20, 2018, from http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/08/babies-learn-recognize-words-womb (Links to an
“1st We assume the innate capacity of the human brain to perform categorical speech perception. 2nd the timetable of auditory development needs to be considered from the formation of the auditory system in the utero and the auditory experiences with sounds that are possible through the uterine wall. We can assume that, even before birth, a child is listening to its mother’s heartbeat and attending to mother’s voice, music, and other speech and non-speech sounds and even stories that are loud enough to be heard. 3rd There is a critical period for auditory neural pathway development during the first few years of life. 4th Cross-linguistic research on auditory perceptual abilities of infants in the first days and weeks of life informs us that the neonate is capable of processing sound and can perform a larger variety of perception tasks than previously thought. Auditory abilities that are more complex than auditory awareness are already present at birth” (Welling & Ukstins, 2015)
Annie Murphy Paul said of fetal origins (2011), “it's based on the theory that our health and well-being throughout our lives is crucially affected by the nine months we spend in the womb.” This idea, that what babies learn in the womb affects the rest of their lives, would make the
Although sexual content in the media have been affecting any age group, adolescents have been the most vulnerable ones. This is because they are exposed to sexual content in the media