Informative Speech Outline

Science released an article entitled “Facial Expressions—Including Fear—May Not Be as Universal as We Thought”, written by Michael Pierce on October 17, 2016. In this article Pierce discusses how 50 years ago it was assumed that facial expressions were universal. However, it has been found that in the present day, this may not be the case. Expressions such as happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, or hunger, were all assumed to be expressed the same way as well as interpreted the same way. A study was conducted in the Trobriand Islands, were Trobrianders were shown as series of photos with facial expressions. They were asked to describe the emotions they interpreted from the photos, the results were intriguing. Pierce (2016) describes how

During interrogations, the various changes in facial expressions portrayed by those being observed help the observers such as government institutions and other individuals to detect lies.

John Tierney’s article, “At Airports, a Misplaced Faith in Body Language” (2014), asserts that in reality, airport security screeners and the general public are unable to read body language; therefore, they “do a lousy job of spotting liars.” Tierney backs this claim up with evidence from studies performed on the TSA, testing their ability to correctly identify terrorist or security threats; and with the rebuttal of a counterargument, one that support the notion that people are capable of “detect[ing] certain kinds of ‘high stakes’ lies.” Tierney’s purpose is to prove that there is “no one cue that will always accompany deception,” and also to explain that the reason people think that they can sense body language is because of the human belief

Expression in speech is an important part of everyday communication, however these are often very difficult for them to understand & grasp. These can include facial expressions, but almost certainly jokes

For this project we will be testing fifty test subjects on six pictures of the same person representing the six core emotions the people will be trying to identify the emotion that the person's facial expressions are representing. Unlike regular facial expressions that are pro longed micro facial expressions cannot be faked and they often appear and disappear as fast as 1/15 to 1/25th of a second. The face is best indicator of a person's emotions. Dr. Paul Ekman has done groundbreaking research on micro facial expressions. He has shown that facial expressions are universal and people everywhere in the world make and display the same emotions through the same facial expressions like people in the US make the same facial expressions for sadness as people in Papua New Guinea. Dr.Ekman also realized through his research that even blind people who have never seen a humans face in their whole life have the same facial expressions as people who have their vision for each emotion. There are six universal micro expressions : disgust , anger , fear , sadness , surprise , and happiness. It's important to be able to read these six basic facial expressions because if you can determine what a person's emotions are it can help you

For this paper, it is necessary to distinguish several of those forms, which vary in severity. First, there is the simple white lie, which is defined as “a trivial lie that is told for diplomatic or well-intentioned reasons.” These are typically inconsequential responses made in an effort to preserve one’s feelings, such as in the cliché case of a spouse asking, “Do these jeans make me look fat?” They rarely have any lasting effect, and are, for this argument, considered moot. On the other side of the scale is the outright lie, also known as deception, which is “a sender intentionally trying to get someone to believe something that the sender knows to be false” (Gass & Seiter, 1999). These lies are the sort that have most often garnered scorn, as they are typically malevolent (or at the very least, selfish), and utilized to serve a personal end. We will see that this is not always the case, but for the sake of argument, the “outright lie” will begin as an evil. Lying, as a whole, is perceived negatively, because it is most commonly used in negative instances because the sender wants to protect themselves from pain and embarrassment. It is the attempt to avoid punishment or retribution that spurns most people to lie, and therefore, the concept of speaking such an untruth became associated with the consequences of something injurious, and is frowned upon. The

Response- facial expression can be many times misinterpreted. Someone can show one emotion but truly meaning a different thing from their verbal communication. By someone looking you straight in the eye tell that they are telling the truth, but your eyebrows can show what you truly mean by what you are saying. If someone is mad or sad they could give you give you just the facial expression that you want to see just to throw them off. Just so you can look good by telling the truth but in reality telling a lie.

Specifically this study examines transitional spaces in turn-based talking, and the ability to rapidly fabricate a story when there are more than one deceiver, ocular indications such as blink rate and eye movement, the ability to

Micro expressions happen when people have hidden their feelings from themselves (repression) or when they deliberately try to conceal their feelings from others. Importantly, both instances

Many flaws have been discovered in the use of polygraphs and other similar devices. The most common type of lie detector relies too strongly on the idea that lying is stressful. These machines seek to identify the subject’s stress/anxiety level without taking into consideration outside factors that may contribute to the stress or anxiety. In some cases there are individuals who are pathological liars and are very comfortable with communicating false information. There is also the possibility that some people may be lying, but are genuinely convinced they are telling the truth. According to Fiedler and Walka the everyday lie detectors lack the necessary knowledge to use nonverbal cues that discriminate lies from truthful communications. Theses devices instead rely on general heuristics such as the infrequency of reported events or

Humans tend to be very skilled at decoding facial expressions when viewing faces holistically. Previous studies have shown that happy facial expressions are more often accurately categorized, compared to fearful and neutral facial expressions that tend to be more error prone (Calvo & Lundqvist, 2008; Calvo & Nummenmaa, 2009). Perhaps this is because ‘fearful’ is a more ambiguous emotion and can be misinterpreted if there is no clarity on what defines it, but this could be prevented if a list of

Further questions arise, to which extent does the gender subjects have on experiment? Prior training of participants to detect deception could also be a considerable factor due to different levels of professional educations that police and officers receive. How can this research be applied to explain the overall ability of adults to detect deception? Verbal and nonverbal behavior of children and its assessment by adults should also be

Bok does not espouse any extreme view on lying, however, she does seek to illuminate the consequences associated with lying, in hopes of decreasing its frequency in discourse within the public and private realms. On the outset of her book, Bok presents the definition of a lie. After reviewing a variety of definitions, she rejects some for being too broad, i.e., encompassing facial expressions and body language, and other definitions for being too narrow, i.e., excluding white lies and the such. Ultimately, she

Furthermore, another emotion that is observable in Carl-Herman Hjortsjö’s research is sadness. The possible origins of a person’s sadness are countless. However, this micro-expression is the hardest one to fake. Typically, the skin below the eyebrows triangulate, the jaw comes up and the lower lip pouts out (Ekman, Unmasking the Face, 74). Similarly to happiness, sadness can vary in intensities. Thus, the addition of tears often deepens the acuteness of this expression. Because it is very difficult to fake, knowing what are the “true” characteristics of this micro-expression can help someone identify those who failed in their attempt to make it seem like they

Kraut and Johnston (1999) define a smile as the major component of a facial display