Interco | | | | | | | |
Formerly a footwear manufacturing company, Interco developed into a diversified company that comprised subsidiary corporations in four major business areas: apparel manufacturing, general retail merchandising, footwear manufacturing and retailing, and furniture and home furnishings. Due to the fact that Interco 's subsidiaries operated as autonomous units and lacked integration between its operating divisions, the company is particularly vulnerable to a highly leveraged takeover, as far as the management concerned.
The strategic repositioning program starting in 1984 resulted in a reversal of the sales mix of Interco, with sum of footwear and furniture groups’ sales surpassing that of
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Thus the cost of capital can be easily calculated using the weighted average cost of capital formula (13.69%).
2. The process of profit margin. Given the profit margin range of 9.2% to 10.1% between the following ten years from 1989 to 1998, it is acceptable to assume that the margin rate was uniformly continuous with a 0.1% increase from year to year.
3. Both sales growth rate and working investment percentage used in the analysis are the averaged values of Interco’s four business segments.
Taking all other assumptions in Case’s exhibit 12, the DCF model shows that the reasonable share price range with a discount rate of 13.69% and the terminal value multiples changing from 14x to 16x should be $62~67(see table below). Relaxing the cost of capital value from 12% to 14%, the range of acceptable stock price then becomes $$61~77, which is close to Wasserstein, Perella& Co.’s suggestion. | Terminal Value Multiple | Cost of Capital | 14x | 15x | 16x | 10% | 83 | 86 | 90 | 11% | 76 | 80 | 83 | 12% | 71 | 74 | 77 | 13% | 66 | 68 | 71 | 13.70% | 62 | 65 | 67 | 14% | 61 | 63 | 66 | 15% | 57 | 59 | 61 | 16% | 53 | 55 | 57 |
The calculation mentioned above shows some assumptions of WPC when they valuate the stock range of Interco. However, some assumptions should be questioned:
(1) Segments VS Integrity
The WPC uses total sales in 1988, average growth rate and average increase
From the big picture, they could have avoided the crisis in several ways. First is
(2) This is After tax operating profit for after 2006, taken the WACC and growth in consideration, so 967,85/(0,1362-0,04)
1. Determine the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) based on using retained earnings in the capital structure.
3. Wasserstein, Perella & Co. established a valuation range of $68-$80 per common share for Interco. Show that this valuation range can follow from the assumptions described in the discounted cash flow analysis section of Exhibit 12. As a member of Interco’s board, which assumptions would you have questioned? Why?
Moreover, let’s calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). And in order to calculate it we need to know the capital structure of the company. Knowing the capital structure of the
Our WACC is almost constantly these years – around 5.50% -- via from 5.04% to 5.82%. We also use the scenario analysis for how the WACC and growth rate affect enterprise value and equity value.
Refer to Appendix B for the Wasserstein, Perella & Co valuation. As with any discounted cash flow analysis, some of the underlying assumptions made could be questioned. The projected sales growth rates and the terminal growth rate used in the analysis could be considered to be low, as Interco is known to be a growing company. The assumption that sales would only grow 7.2% over the projected timeline was a little conservative, considering that sales growth was 13.4% in 1988, even though retailers were facing a slump at the time. A 14 multiple with a 10% discount rate provides a 2.66% growth rate in
As long-term valuation is assumed, risk free rate is set as 30-year treasury rate, 5.73%. Cost of debt is 6.72% reflecting Amoco’s credit level. Cost of equity is calculated as 10.63%, leading to final WACC at 8.85% (Chart 1).
Wasserstein, Perella & Co. established a valuation range of $68-$80 per share for Interco. Show that this
17-1 An MNC has total assets of $100 million and debt of $20 million. The firm’s before-tax cost of debt is 12 percent, and its cost of financing with equity is 15 percent. The MNC has a corporate tax rate of 40 percent. What is this firm’s weighted average cost of capital?
Here is one optimistic and one pessimistic scenario. With the pessimistic scenario we took WACC with +3, 5 % and it give us a discounted cash flow value of 1,6 billion pounds which indicates a major drop in real value of the company. With the optimistic scenario we took WACC with - 4,5% and it gave us an increase of value to 2.38 billion pounds which indicates that with a little bit better adjusting and a good marketing campaign the optimistic scenario will give us an optimistic scenario of 590 million
The cost of capital for average-risk projects would be the firm’s cost of capital, 10 percent. A somewhat higher cost would be used for more risky projects, and a lower cost would be used for less risky ones. For example, we might use 12 percent for more risky projects and 9 percent for less risky projects. These choices are arbitrary.
Integrative—WACC, WMCC, and IOS. Cartwell Products has compiled the data shown in the following table for the current costs of its three basic sources of capital—long-term debt, preferred stock, and common stock equity—for various ranges of new financing.
b) Calculate the break-even point for the two years and explain why the break-even point has changed. Comment on the margin of safety in both years.